Monday, September 1, 2014

Nancy W. Dunlevy Anderson to Mr. and Mrs. James H. Anderson, April 22, 1861

Marion, Ohio, April 22d, 1861.

Dear Children: — I feel sad, O very sad this morning. You are gone, and we know not what awaits you. I trust in God for your protection. May you also trust Him, casting your whole care upon Him, for He careth for you. Fear God, keep his commandments, and everything shall work together for your good. Be very kind to each other, forbearing in all things. No other course can insure happiness. Remember you are alone in the world, no other in touch caring whether you are happy or miserable. This should bind you the closer together. You will find in your care for each other's happiness you increase your own. * * * Dear little M–––, how I wish I could see her. Here lies her doll — little “Judy.” Tell her grandma will take care of it.

They are still beating up for troops. Mr. James H. Godman's company is not yet full. O I wish you had been here at church yesterday. Such an hour I never passed. William D. Godman preached, touching on our troubles, then held “general class.” We felt that we were hearing some speak for the last time. Just think, sixteen of the young men of our church among the volunteers! I wish you could have heard them — such high-souled, patriotic, ennobling sentiments: sentiments I never heard uttered. There was not, I think, a dry eye in the house. All seemed to feel it to be a religious duty to defend our country. Ambrose Mouser, son of Isaac Mouser, a very intelligent young man who has been at the University three years and expected to remain two more, rose and said it had been his greatest ambition to get an education, but that he could and would give up his college course to serve his country. William D. now arose, and said he honored the student that quit his studies to serve his country, and that he would not have lost that “hour in class for a fortune in gold.” But I have no language to give you any idea of the meeting.

Annie1 was working on the flags all day Saturday and is still at work. The young ladies make and present them to the companies. I will write every day whilst you are in New York. Get all the information while in New York from Bromberg2 that you can, but be sure to be careful of him. After your arrival in Germany, Josephine3 expects a letter from Princie.

Your affectionate mother.
_______________

1 Annie E. Anderson.
2 Once U. S. Vice Consul at Hamburg.
3 Mrs. Josephine L. Tirrill nee Tillotson.

SOURCE: James H. Anderson, Life and Letters of Judge Thomas J. Anderson and Wife, p. 125-6

John Letcher to Senator Robert M. T. Hunter, December 9, 1859

Lexington, Va., December 9th, 1859.
My Dear Sir:

I received your letter of the 6th (postmarked 8th) this morning.

We are in the deepest distress, in consequence of the death of our second son, under the most afflictive circumstances. A week before his death he got a splinter in his hand, only a part of which as it turned out had been extracted. He attended school the entire week, and never complained of it. On Saturday last he was playing throughout the day. At supper he ate heartily, and remarked when we were leaving the table that it pained him to open his mouth. After supper he read until bed time, without further complaint. Twice during the night he complained that his neck was stiff, but after getting up and placing the clothing over him, he slept until morning, and we supposed he had taken a slight cold. At ten on Sunday morning, the first symptoms of Locked jaw appeared, and in spite of all that could be done, he died in fifteen hours. He was ten years old, sprightly, intelligent, noble hearted, and a universal favorite with old and young about the Town.  His death makes a sad breach in our family circle.

My general health has greatly improved, but I still suffer from Erysipilis. I fear I shall never get clear of it. I have intended to visit Washington to consult Doct[or] Garnett before going to Richmond, as I have more confidence in him, than the physicians here, who are divided in opinion about it.

It really looks to me, as if the days of the Republic were numbered. All the indications seem to me to point to a dissolution of the Union, and that at an early day. There must be a speedy and a radical change in Northern sentiment, or we cannot remain a united people. They can save the Union, and it rests with them to do it. If I am to have a stormy administration, so be it, I am prepared for it, and will meet any issue that may be tendered promptly and with that decision which a Virginia Executive should exhibit. I know what my friends expect of me, and they shall not be disappointed.

I think I will be in Washington next week, perhaps on Wednesday.

SOURCE: Charles Henry Ambler, Editor, Correspondence of Robert M. T. Hunter, 1826-1876,p. 274-5

Charles Russell Lowell to Henry Lee Higginson, December 28, 1860

Mt. Savage, Maryland, Dec. 28, 1860.
My Dear Boy, —

. . . If you have any respectable mode of getting through your days, and do not feel yourself in danger of becoming a demned disreputable, dissatisfied loafer, I should advise you to be in no hurry to plunge into trade. Cotton is unthroned, but Corn is not yet king, and meanwhile Chance rules. The South is just now a mere mob, and no man can tell whither a mob may rush. This only is certain, that whatsoever course is most to be avoided, that Mr. Buchanan will select. If war is possible J. B. will make it a sure thing, and in case of war so many new doors to wealth will be opened, and so many old ones be closed, it seems to me it would be unwise to be in a hurry. Hold your horses until after March 4th at any rate.

. . . Much obliged for your suggestion of wines — but get thou behind me, Satan! A man in debt must drink water.

SOURCE: Edward Waldo Emerson, Life and Letters of Charles Russell Lowell, p. 191-2

Senator William P. Fessenden to William Willis, December 22, 1860

December 22.

Your letter was quite welcome. In these times I am glad to get an encouraging word, especially from calm and moderate men, for I fear sometimes that indignation may get the better of my judgment.

We have troubles and rumors of worse to come. If the Southern gentlemen are to be believed, one half the slave States are already out of the Union, and the rest are sure to follow. In our committee-room, for instance, Mr. Toombs says his State now feels no interest in the tariff, but he votes to postpone it to the 4th of March in order that no harm may be done the country while Georgia does remain a part of it. Even Mr. Hunter fears that by the middle of January the Republicans will be strong enough to pass any bill they like. There is much of this kind of flourish, but there is great anxiety to have the Republicans do something, make some proposition, and not stand still and see the country go to destruction. “They don't think there is much hope, but if the Republicans would tender sufficient guarantees, perhaps the thing might be deferred a little longer.” Any man with half an eye can see what all this means. It was begun for the purpose of frightening us into an abandonment of our position, thus strengthening the South and disgracing the Republicans. Unfortunately, however, the public mind had been so excited and poisoned that the leaders soon lost control of the movement, and they are now pushed on in their own despite. They are not happy. Jeff. Davis says as little as possible, and there is an affectation of ease about most of them which indicates concern of mind. We cannot conceal from ourselves that the country has suffered and must suffer still more. But I regard this as the crisis of our fate. Concession under menace would be fatal to us as a party; and what is vastly more and worse, it would prostrate the North forever at the feet of slavery. It is only by preserving a firm and uncompromising attitude that we can rescue the government from its downward tendency and place it upon the side of freedom where the fathers designed it should stand. While, therefore, perceiving and fully appreciating the danger, I am not disposed to avoid it by timidity or by qualifying in any way the platform of principles on which we stand. If the Union can only be saved by acknowledging the power of a minority to coerce the majority through fear of disruption, I am ready to part company with the slave States and trust God and the people for reconstruction on narrower ground, but on a sounder and safer basis.

SOURCE: Francis Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Volume 1, p. 117-9

Captain Robert Gould Shaw to Francis G. Shaw, March 30, 1863

March 30.

The mustering officer who was here to-day is a Virginian, and has always thought it was a great joke to try to make soldiers of “Niggers, but he tells me now that he has never mustered in so fine a set of men, though about twenty thousand had passed through his hands since September. The sceptics need only to come out here to be converted.

SOURCE: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Editor, Harvard Memorial Biographies, Volume 2, p. 204

Samuel L. M. Barlow to Charles D. Miller, February 22, 1860

New-York, February 22d, 1860.
Chas. D. Miller, Esq.:

Sir: Yours of the 13th inst. was received by me a few days since; and but for other pressing engagements, would have been answered immediately. Since its receipt, I have looked over carefully the “Manifesto of the Democratic Vigilant Association” to which you refer, and so far as Mr. Gerrit Smith's name is mentioned in connection with the “Central Association,” have no hesitation in saying that his statement, that he is not a member of that body, renders it obvious that in this particular the writer of the pamphlet has fallen into an unintentional error. With regard to the letter also inserted in this pamphlet, dated Peterboro, Aug. 29th, 1859, purporting to have been written by Mr. Smith, as you do not allude to it, I suppose that is correctly set forth. By comparing the general tone and sentiment with the constitution of the “Central Association,” I think you will see that the writer of that pamphlet might very naturally have fallen into the mistake, (as you assure me that it is a mistake,) of supposing that the writer of one approved of the objects of the other. This was doubtless the view of the writer of this pamphlet, in regard to which particular care was taken to insure accuracy in its statement of facts, and for these the writer of the pamphlet relied somewhat upon the current newspaper articles of the day. After the information now received from you, I am very sorry to learn that Mr. Smith's name was thus connected with the “Central Association” to which you say he did not belong, or that any injustice was done to him in this publication.

Mr. Phelps and Mr. Sherman have each perused this letter, and I am requested by those gentlemen to say they concur in the same, and beg you will receive it also as their reply to the communication you addressed to each of them on the same subject. They also request me to say that it gives them great pleasure to correct the error into which the writer of this pamphlet has fallen in regard to Mr. Smith, as, however much they differ from the sentiments held by him as expressed in the “Jerry Rescue” letter, they respect the boldness and personal integrity of Mr. Smith, and desire to do him full justice.

Yours very truly,
Samuel L. M. Barlow.

SOURCE: Gerrit Smith, Gerrit Smith and the Vigilant Association of the City of New-York, p. 5-6

Sunday, August 31, 2014

Theodore Parker to Joseph Lyman, December 10, 1859

Rome, December 10, 1859.

Oh, best of governors, your letter of 18th ult., came swiftly to hand and relieved my anxiety (which was getting to be strong), lest you were sick, or some ailment had befallen your family. But the letter puts me at ease. Here I am rather rich in newspapers, so all the details of the Harper's Ferry affair are soon made known to us. See how the slave-holders hold their “bloody assizes” in Virginia! Well, the worse they behave the better for us and ours. This is the [illegible] – the beginning of birth-pains; the end is far enough away. How often I have wished I was in my old place, and at my old desk! But I too should have had to straighten a rope or else to flee off, no doubt, for it is not likely I could have kept out of harm's way in Boston. I sent a little letter to Francis Jackson, touching the matter which he will show you, perhaps. Wendell said some brave things, but, also some rash ones, which I am sorry for, but the whole was noble. B––– is faithful to his clerical instinct of cunning, not his personal of humanity; I read his sermon with a sad heart, and F–––'s with pain. Noble brave Garrison is true to himself as always, and says, “I am a non-resistant, and could not pull a trigger to free four million men, but Captain Brown in his fighting is faithful to his conscience, as I to mine, and acted as nobly as Cromwell, and Fayette and Washington; yes, more nobly, for his act was pure philanthropy. All honor to the fighting saint — now he is also a martyr!” That is the short of what the Liberator says.

The "Twenty-eighth" did not accept my resignation, but made some handsome resolutions. Perhaps it is better so. Yet sure I am that my preaching days are all over and left behind me, even if my writing and breathing time continue, which I think will not last long.

I do all I can to live, but make all my calculations for a (not remote) termination of my work here. I buy no books, except such as are indispensable to keep me from eating my own head off.

Miss Cushman is here, and very kind to me; the Storys most hospitable people as well as entertaining; we all dined there on Thanksgiving day. Dr. Appleton (of Boston) has helped me to many things. I have seen Mrs. Crawford, and of course all the American artists, painters, and sculptors, The Brownings came a few days ago, and I have seen them both. I like her much! He, too, seems a good fellow, full of life; intense Italians are they both.

SOURCE: John Weiss, Life and correspondence of Theodore Parker, Volume 2, p. 389-90

Diary of Amos A. Lawrence: April 17, 1861

The Sixth Regiment muster in Boston, and march through the streets on their way to Washington, midst crowds of people.

SOURCE: William Lawrence, Life of Amos A. Lawrence: With Extracts from His Diary and Correspondence, p. 170-1

Rebecca Buffum Spring to Mary Ann Day Brown, March 23, 1862

Eagleswood, Perth Amboy, N. J., March 23d, '62.

Some time since a gentleman in N. Y. gave to Mr. Spring for you a piece of cotton goods called Brilliant. I have hoped to find some one going to your neighborhood who would take it. I have asked a shopkeeper in Amboy what he would give for it; he said twelve cents a yard. There may be 25 or 30 yards. Now shall I let him have it for that, or shall I keep it until I find some one to take it to you or what shall I do with it?"

SOURCE: Lillie Buffum Chace Wyman and Arthur Crawford Wyman, Elizabeth Buffum Chace, 1806-1899: Her Life and Its Environment, Volume 1, p. 353-4

Governor Joseph E. Brown to John B. Floyd, November 24, 1860

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
MILLEDGEVILLE, Georgia,
November 24th, 1860.
Hon. John B. Floyd,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.:

SIR: Being desirous of having manufactured in Georgia a supply for the State of certain military equipments, I am compelled again to trespass upon your kindness to ask of you the favor to help me in some way — by sale or cause to be advanced to our State as a part of Georgia’s quota of arms, etc., for the coming year — two sample sets of each of the following equipments, viz:

First.  Equipment for riflemen, consisting of knapsack, cartridge box, and belt, complete.

Second.  Equipments for infantry, complete.

Third.  Saber equipment, complete, including pouch for Colt revolvers. All of the latest and most approved styles and patterns adopted by the U. S. Army.

I dislike to trouble you with this small matter, but really I know of no other method of obtaining, with certainty as to kind, etc., samples or patterns of the equipments desired. I would prefer to purchase the articles to obtaining them otherwise, if I knew where they could be obtained. Be pleased to cause the sample sets, two of each, furnished me, in some way least troublesome to yourself, of the said equipments, and you will lay me under renewed obligations for your kindness.

I am very sincerely, your obedient servant,
JOSEPH E. BROWN.


[First indorsement.]

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL’S OFFICE
December 1st, 1860.

I respectfully report to the Secretary of War that such of the military equipments asked for as belong to this department can be furnished without inconvenience, viz: Two knapsacks, $5.56; two haversacks, 78 cents; and two canteens and straps, 92 cents.

J. E. Jonnsron,
Quartermaster-General.


[Second indorsement.]

ORDNANCE OFFICE,
December 1st, 1860.

Respectfully returned with the report that the State of Georgia, having drawn her full quota, including that for 1861, cannot obtain the accoutrements by issue, on that account, from the Government supply, nor can such articles as are wanted be sold by the Government.

There will be no difficulty, however, in Governor Brown’s obtaining them, if he will write to Maj. W. A. Thornton, U. S. Arsenal, New York, and request him to purchase for the State two sets of infantry accoutrements, complete, two saber-belts and plates, complete; two saber-knots, two holster pouches for Colt belt pistols; all of the latest U. S. Army patterns.

I doubt not that Major Thornton will make the purchase for the Governor with pleasure.

WM. MAYNADIER,
Captain of Ordnance.

SOURCE: Allen D. Candler, The Confederate Records of the State of Georgia, Volume 3: Official Correspondence of Governor Joseph E. Brown 1860-1865 inclusive, p. 3-5

Proclamation of Governor Andrew G. Curtin, April 20, 1861

Proclamation Convoking the Assembly to Take Action in Connection with the Appearance of the Rebellion.

Pennsylvania, ss.
(Signed) A. G. Curtin.

IN THE NAME AND BY the Authority of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ANDREW G. CURTIN, Governor of the said Commonwealth.

A PROCLAMATION.

Whereas an armed rebellion exists in a portion of the states of this Union, threatening the destruction of the National Government, periling public and private property, endangering the peace and security of this Commonwealth and inviting systematic piracy upon our commerce, and,

Whereas, adequate provision does not exist by law to enable the Executive to make the Military powers of the State as available and efficient as it should be for the common defence of the State and the General Government, and

Whereas, an occasion so extraordinary requires a prompt exercise of the Legislative power of the State, Therefore,

I, Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution do hereby convene the General Assembly of this Commonwealth and require the Members of the Senate and House of Representatives to meet in their respective Houses in the Capitol at Harrisburg on Tuesday the thirtieth day of April, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty one, at Twelve of clock noon of that day then and there to take into consideration and adopt such measures in the premises as the present exigency may seem to them in their wisdom to demand.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and caused the Great Seal of the Commonwealth to he affixed at Harrisburg this twentieth day of April in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-sixth.

By the Governor,
Eli Slifer,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.

SOURCE: George Edward Reed, Editor, Pennsylvania Archives, Fourth Series, Papers of the Governors, Volume 8, p. 370-1

Governor Alexander Ramsey to Simon Cameron, April 14, 1861

Washington City, April 14, 1861.
Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War,

Sir: As the executive of the State of Minnesota, I hereby tender to the government of the United States, on the part of that state, one thousand men to be ready for service so soon as the necessary information can be communicated to the people there. As the legislature is not in session, and will not be, unless specially convened, before January of next year, may I ask whether you would feel justified in saying that the reasonable expenses that may be involved will be furnished by the general government in view of the facts above stated! I am pleased to say that in all this I have the advice and support of the senators from Minnesota, and know that it will be heartily and promptly responded to by the people.

Very respectfully your obedient servant,
Alexander Ramsey.

SOURCE: Minnesota. Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian Wars, Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861-1865, Volume 2, p. 1

Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood to the Senate of the Sate of Iowa, May 27, 1861

Gentlemen of the Senate: — I have the honor to state in reply to your resolution of inquiry whether I have employed an agent to purchase clothing for the two first regiments now stationed at Keokuk, that I have contracted with Hon. Samuel Merrill for the following clothing for the second and third regiments, to-wit:

2,000 gray all wool frock coats.
2,000 gray all wool pants.
2,000 gray felt hats.
4,000 gray all wool flannel shirts.
4,000 gray all wool flannel drawers.
4,000 pairs all wool knit socks.
2,000 pairs best army brogans.

Being 1 hat, 1 coat, 1 pair pants, 2 shirts, 2 pairs drawers, 2 pain socks and 1 pair shoes for each man, at the price of $21 for each man delivered on board cars at Boston, Mass., to be paid for when accepted and delivered by my agent there in bonds of the State at par, If the contractor will receive the bonds at par, and if not to be paid for there as soon as the money can be realized by the sale of the bonds. In obedience to a joint resolution of the General Assembly, I have also ordered from the same person 1 coat, 1 pair of pants and 1 pair of brogans for each member of the First Regiment, which will cost about $15 per man.

SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD.
Executive Chamber, May 27, 1861.

SOURCE: Henry Warren Lathrop, The Life and Times of Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa's War Governor, p. 136-7

Senator James W. Grimes to Elizabeth S. Nealley Grimes, August 4, 1861

WaSHington, August 4, 1861.

I am happy to say that we shall adjourn in two days. I am on a select committee to investigate the causes of the loss of the Norfolk and Pensacola Navy-Yards, and Harper's Ferry Arsenal, which will sit in the recess, and that possibly may detain me a day or two, but I hope not. It will compel me, however, to leave home again in October. The city is now under the most rigid military discipline, and perfect order prevails everywhere. All have unbounded confidence in General McClellan. There are about eighty thousand troops in the vicinity.

John Grimes is getting well. He was blistered and dosed to his heart's content. His trouble was the shock of a large Minieball, which struck him in the chest, and knocked him over. The concussion, and going two entire days without food or sleep, and the last one in a drenching rain, caused a sort of haemorrhage of the lungs. His officers say he behaved very gallantly. He did not shrink from any part of his duty, was the last to come in, and brought with him, alone, the remnant of the battalion of marines.

I hope to see you soon, and I long to have the day come. This congressional life is poor business — taking one away from all he loves, and that can make him happy. I have a great many things to tell you about the battle.

SOURCE: William Salter, The Life of James W. Grimes, p. 147

John Brown to his Family, October 13, 1855

Osawatomie, K. T., Oct. 13, 1855.
Saturday Ere.

Dear Wife And Children, Every One, — We reached the place where the boys are located one week ago, late at night; at least Henry and Oliver did. I, being tired, stayed behind in our tent, a mile or two back. As the mail goes from here early Monday morning, we could get nothing here in time for that mail. We found all more or less sick or feeble but Wealthy and Johnny.1 All at Brownsville appear now to be mending, but all sick or feeble here at Mr. Adair's. Fever and ague and chill-fever seem to be very general. Oliver has had a turn of the ague since he got here, but has got it broken. Henry has had no return since first breaking it. We met with no difficulty in passing through Missouri, but from the sickness of our horse and our heavy load. The horse has entirely recovered. We had, between us all, sixty cents in cash when we arrived. We found our folks in a most uncomfortable situation, with no houses to shelter one of them, no hay or corn fodder of any account secured, shivering over their little fires, all exposed to the dreadful cutting winds, morning and evening and stormy days. We have been trying to help them all in our power, and hope to get them more comfortable soon. I think much of their ill health is owing to most unreasonable exposure. Mr. Adair's folks would be quite comfortable if they were well. One letter from wife and Anne to Salmon, of August 10, and one from Ruth to John, of 19th September, is all I have seen from any of you since getting here. Henry found one from Ruth, which he has not shown me. Need I write that I shall be glad to hear from you? I did not write while in Missouri, because I had no confidence in your getting my letters. We took up little Austin and brought him on here, which appears to be a great comfort to Jason and Ellen. We were all out a good part of the last night, helping to keep the prairie fire from destroying everything; so that I am almost blind to-day, or I would write you more.
_______________

1 Son of John Brown Jr.

SOURCE: Franklin B. Sanborn, The Life and Letters of John Brown, p. 200-1

Diary of Major Rutherford B. Hayes: Saturday, August 10, 1861

Rained a good part of the night. We learned that while the right wing of our regiment occupied the court-house at Sutton, many records, etc., etc., were torn up. It is said the old clerk cried when he saw what had been done. Disgraceful! What a stigma on our regiment if true! We have had and deserved to have a good name for our orderly conduct, respect for rights of citizens, etc., etc. I hope nothing has been done to forfeit our place.

SOURCE: Charles Richard Williams, editor, Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, Volume 2, p. 62-3

Major-General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Mead, February 27, 1864

Headquarters Army Of The Potomac, February 27, 1864.

I am glad George1 wrote you an account of the ball. I should have been delighted, if I had owned the carpet in the Arabian Nights to have transported sister and yourself to the army for that night, but the journey here and back, the expense and fatigue, besides exposure, were all drawbacks, greater than the compensation to be found in the pleasure of your presence.

I have been a good deal occupied with an attempt I am about making, to send a force of cavalry into Richmond to liberate our prisoners. The undertaking is a desperate one, but the anxiety and distress of the public and of the authorities at Washington is so great that it seems to demand running great risks for the chances of success.
_______________

1 Son of General Meade.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 167-8

Brigadier-General Thomas Kilby Smith to Elizabeth Budd Smith, January 10, 1865

Eastport, Miss., January 10, 1865.

Our fleet arrived here this morning, and I am just debarking troops in the muddiest, worst country I ever saw. For some days past, as I wrote you in a former letter, I have been upon the flag ship of Admiral Lee, commanding the Mississippi Squadron, and have been very comfortable; the almost entire rest has been favorable to my health. I shall now be compelled to rough it ashore, but I think I shall get through.

General Thomas, I this moment learn, is expected here to-day.

The weather is warm, raining, muggy, and intensely disageeable, a warm Southern winter such as we had at Young's Point.

SOURCE: Walter George Smith, Life and letters of Thomas Kilby Smith, p. 377-8

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Sunday, November 1, 1863

We moved our camp about a half mile onto higher ground this morning. The quartermaster had our lumber and wood hauled from the old camp and we worked all day pitching our tents and rebuilding the bunks, fireplaces and chimneys. It has been a busy day with us, although it is the Lord's Day, but a true soldier cannot halt when duty calls. I was very thankful that I did not have to be on the picket line, so that I could have a hand in fixing up our tent.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 150

Diary of Private Charles H. Lynch: December 12, 1863

Off picket. Cold rain continues, making life miserable. A large campfire near the church. When off duty do some scouting around the vicinity. The 1st Connecticut Cavalry in camp near the town. Visited the cavalry boys at their camp.

SOURCE: Charles H. Lynch, The Civil War Diary, 1862-1865, of Charles H. Lynch 18th Conn. Vol's, p. 31