MR. GARRISON:
I have recently made
a visit to one of Gen. Washington’s, or rather Mrs. Washington’s slaves. It is
a woman, nearly white, very much freckled, and probably, (for she does not know
her age,) more than eighty. She now resides with a colored woman by the name of
Nancy Jack, (whose mother was once a slave to a good deacon in Greenland,) at
what is called the Bay side in Greenland, in New-Hampshire, and is maintained
as a pauper by the county of Rockingham. She says that she was a chamber-maid
for Mrs. Washington; that she was a large girl at the time of the revolutionary
war; that when Washington was elected President, she was taken to Philadelphia,
and that, although well enough used as to work and living, she did not want to
be a slave always, and she supposed if she went back to Virginia, she would
never have a chance to escape. She took passage in a vessel to Portsmouth, N.
H. and there married a man by the name of Staines, and had three children, who,
with her husband, are all dead. After she was married, and had one child, while
her husband was gone to sea, Gen. Washington sent on a man by the name of
Bassett, to prevail on her to go back. He saw her, and used all the persuasion
he could, but she utterly refused to go with him. He returned, and then came
again, with orders to take her by force, and carry her back. He put up with the
late Gov. [John] Langdon, and made known his business, and the Governor gave
her notice that she must leave Portsmouth that night, or she would be carried
back. She went to a stable, and hired a boy, with a horse and carriage, to
carry her to Mr. Jack’s, at Greenland, where she now resides, a distance of
eight miles, and remained there until her husband returned from sea, and Basset
did not find her.
She says that she
never received the least mental or moral instruction, of any kind, while she
remained in Washington’s family. But, after she came to Portsmouth, she learned
to read; and when Elias Smith first preached in Portsmouth, she professes to have
been converted to Christianity.
She, and the woman
with whom she lives, (who is nearly of her age,) appear to be, and have the
reputation of being imbued with the real spirit of Christianity. She says that
the stories told of Washington’s piety and prayers, so far as she ever saw or
heard while she was his slave, have no foundation. Card-playing and
wine-drinking were the business at his parties; and he had more of such company
Sundays than on any other day. I do not mention this as showing, in my estimation,
his anti-Christian character, so much as the bare fact of being a slaveholder,
and not a hundredth part so much as trying to kidnap this woman; but, in the
minds of the community, it will weigh infinitely more.
Great names bear
more weight with the multitude, than the eternal principles of God’s
government. So good a man as Washington is enough to sanctify war and slavery;
but where is the evidence of his goodness? This woman is yet a slave. If
Washington could have got her and her child, they were constitutionally his;
and if Mrs. Washington’s heirs were now to claim her, and take her before Judge
Woodbury, and prove their title, he would be bound, upon his oath, to deliver
her up to them. Again—Langdon was guilty of a moral violation of the Constitution,
in giving this woman notice of the agent being after her. It was frustrating
the design, the intent of the Constitution, and he was equally guilty, morally,
as those who would overthrow it.
Mrs. Staines was
given verbally, if not legally, by Mrs. Washington, to Eliza Custis, her
grand-daughter.
These women live in
rather an obscure place, and in a poor, cold house, and speak well of their
neighbors, and are probably treated with as much kindness and sympathy as
people are generally in their circumstances; but not with half so much as it is
the duty and interest of people, in better outward circumstances, to treat
them.
I greatly enjoyed my
visit to them, and should rather have the benediction they pronounced upon me
at parting, than the benediction of all the D. D.’s in Christendom.
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