Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 1, 1863

Coal [sic] and raney in the morning and in the eavning it was clear and very windy

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 30

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 2, 1863

a beautyfull Spring day.

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 30

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 3, 1863

a beautyfull one and our Regiment left the old camp clost to Port Royal and marched back clost to Fredericksburg and taken camp again clos to the one we left

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 30

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 16, 1863

cloudy and coal And Mr. Stons in Co. F. 57 N. C. Regiment was shot to death to day with musketry.

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, pp. 30-1

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 17, 1863

the Yanks crossed the Raphanock River at Keleys foad and our calvry whipt them back.

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 31

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 20, 1863

cloudy in the morning and snowed a littel in the eavning and Mr. I. H. Compton arived at our camp today on a visit

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 31

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 21, 1863

Snowed untell it was about 3 inches deep on the ground

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 31

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 22, 1863

the snow all melted off And Mr. Compton and Johnston left camp today for home.

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 31

Diary of 4th Corporal Bartlett Yancey Malone, March 31, 1863

The last day of March the Snow was about 3 inches deep on the ground.

SOURCE: Bartlett Yancey Malone, The Diary of Bartlett Yancey Malone, p. 31

Diary of Henry Greville, Sunday, March 9, 1862

A tremendous hurricane has been blowing all day, after two beautiful spring days. Algy Egerton came from London yesterday, and spoke in high terms of a speech made by William Gregory on Friday, in favour of our breaking the American blockade. It lasted two hours, and was listened to with deep attention, but the facts on which it was founded were upset by the Solicitor-General, Roundell Palmer, and the motion was withdrawn. Gregory is clever, and should be put into office.

In the French Chambers, the new Bill which is substituted for the one granting a dotation to Palikao is a bit of thimbleriggery. It is proposed that a sum of money shall be voted which is to be put at the disposal of the Emperor, with which he may reward the services of the army, from a marshal to a private, with or without reversibility, according to his pleasure. So that His Majesty gets even more than he originally asked for. In the meantime it is said Fould and Persigny cannot agree, and if Fould gets the upper hand Walewski will go to the wall, and it is suspected the Emperor has a new card to play, in Drouin de l'Huys. It was known that if the dotation of Palikao had been persisted in, Jules Favre and others of the Republican party had intended bringing up a lawsuit in which Montauban had played a very disgraceful part. Palikao, in Chinese, means 'cochon pourri.'

SOURCE: Alice Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville: 1861-1872, pp. 27-8

Diary of Henry Greville, Thursday, March 13, 1862

On Monday night there was a debate in the House of Lords on the American blockade, when Lord John Russell declined to give the papers moved for, and said that 'the policy pursued by our Government had been dictated not by expediency, but by justice, and that both sides at some future period would acknowledge this fact, and he trusted that within three months, if not sooner, we might see the end of the war, and he hoped that it might terminate in a manner consistent with the welfare and happiness of both parties, and a renewal of the old good feeling between North and South, and that they would consent to a peaceful separation into two States which might be powerful and prosperous.' I don't think this prophecy on the part of John Russell was judicious, however likely it may be of accomplishment, and I see no probability of it. It is, however, remarkable that by the advices from New York the same expectation exists of the approaching end of the war, and Mr. Seward gives exactly the same opinion of its duration as John Russell did (ninety days), though by no means with the same result. Edward Ellice, whom I met at Flahault's on Monday, said he was convinced that whether the war went on or not, the Federal Union was doomed. Mr. Adams, the American Minister, told Flahault that the war would be over by the month of June, but with what result he did not specify.

SOURCE: Alice Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville: 1861-1872, pp. 28-9

Diary of Henry Greville, Saturday, March 15, 1862

News of fresh reverses sustained by the Confederates, and the occupation of Nashville by the Federals, and the crossing of the Potomac, reached London this morning, as also a message from President Davis to his Congress admitting the reverses to be serious and humiliating, but expressing unabated confidence in the determination of the South to resist to the last.

Dined yesterday at the Palmerstons' to meet Princess Camporeale (née Acton), who sang charmingly after dinner. Palmerston was detained in the House of Commons. Lady Palmerston told me, except on Saturdays and Sundays, he hardly ever dined with her, but did so at three, went to the House of Commons at four, and except some tea at the House he took nothing more until he came home to bed, seldom earlier than one o'clock. What a life for a man in his seventy-seventh year! I sat next to Lady Jocelyn at dinner, who said the Queen was on the whole better, occupied all day with one thing or other, and had given orders that whenever her people had anything to ask of or to say to her, they should address themselves straight to her. Lady Augusta Bruce is the only lady of her household who approaches her unannounced.

SOURCE: Alice Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville: 1861-1872, pp. 29-30

Diary of Henry Greville, Monday, March 17, 1862

The Queen laid the first stone of the Mausoleum in Frogmore Gardens on Saturday. In this receptacle Prince Albert's remains and her own are ultimately to be deposited. The whole Household in Waiting attended the ceremony, and all those who had been in any way connected with the Prince, such as the bailiffs of Osborne and Balmoral, were summoned. Sydney tells me this Mausoleum had been determined upon before the Prince's death. I think these German fancies are much to be regretted, as keeping up a morbid and artificial sort of grief which in the case of the Queen will be of considerable inconvenience. She has visited the tomb and strewn flowers over the coffin, with which also the bed in which the Prince died is decked, and which she and the Royal children constantly renew, and his rooms are left exactly in the state they were in at the moment of his death.

A letter from Fanny Kemble, begun at Philadelphia and finished at Washington, received this morning, says: “The war seems to be approaching a crisis. The Northern troops are gradually surrounding the Southern forces, and there have been some very important advantages gained by the Federal Army, which indicate, I think, a termination, by no means remote, of the contest. A very important entrenched camp called Fort Donnelson, in Tennessee, which commands the entrance into the heart of the Southern country, and the approach to Nashville (a place of great importance), have just been taken by the Northern troops. They have also invested the city of Savannah, and the news of its surrender is hourly expected. In short, I think the clouds are bursting, and very decided daylight approaching. The end of the Civil War will leave the Government burthened with questions of infinite difficulty to deal with, but it will have been worth two good results to the American Nation. The theory of State Rights and the practice of slavery have both, I think, received their death-blow, and the efforts and sacrifices which the Northern States have made with such extraordinary energy and devotion will enhance for many a long year the value of the Union in the hearts and minds of the people. I arrived here yesterday (Washington); the whole road from Philadelphia to this place is a string of camps and military stations, sometimes only a small cluster of tents peering from the banks on the railroad track. The weather has been frightful, and the melting of the snow and the coming up of the frost out of the ground have left the surface of it one mud-bed, and the poor soldiers looked forlorn enough in their plank houses, which seemed but sorry shelter for such a season. They had huge wood fires blazing at all their posts, however, which, as evening came on, looked very picturesque. Wherever the train stopped, eager requests were made by the soldiers who crowded round it for newspapers, which the passengers gave them.

I bestowed a ‘Times’ on them. I did not think the American news would edify them much, but thought they might be the better for reading the history of the Hartley Colliery catastrophe. You cannot imagine how strange all this sudden apparition of warlike life is here, where till within the last year such a thing as a real soldier was never seen! President Lincoln has made a suggestion that pecuniary compensation should be offered to any State which will abolish slavery. This has made a great sensation in America, but is here considered quite impracticable and as a bait to the Border States to return to their allegiance to the Union.”

SOURCE: Alice Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville: 1861-1872, pp. 30-2

Diary of Henry Greville, March 26, 1862

Hatchford.  I came here on Monday, and the day was so warm and beautiful (after three cold and wet ones), that my mother went out in her chair for the first time for many months.

There are accounts of fresh successes of the Northerners, and they are so elated that they are not only persuaded that the rebellion is crushed, but are beginning to consider how they will deal with the 'Rebels,' whenever they fall into their hands.

A splendid act of munificence has been done by the American merchant, Mr. Peabody, who has given 150,000l. into the hands of trustees for the amelioration of the condition of the poor of London, and the only stipulations he has attached to the gift are that the money is to be employed without reference to the religious creed or political bias of the recipients, and in a manner the best adapted for their social and moral improvement. Mr. Peabody has already founded two magnificent institutions of a literary character, I believe, at Baltimore, and in some other town of America.

SOURCE: Alice Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville: 1861-1872, p. 33

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Sunday, June 1, 1862

Battle of Fair Oaks. Long before daylight our battery was brought in line of battle in front of the house in which General Sumner afterwards established his headquarters. The First Minnesota supported us. The battle reopened at daylight, with great fury, the enemy having been reinforced all night. Artillery was not used a great deal in this battle, but the musketry fire exceeded any ever heard during the war. In spite of the enemy's efforts, he was completely repulsed by ten o'clock A. M., retreating to Richmond. General McClellan appeared in front of the line of battle, encouraging the troops for the coming struggle.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Monday, June 2, 1862

Fair Oaks. In line of battle since two o'clock A. M. The First Minnesota is fortifying our position. Cannonading going on near Mechanicsville, in the afternoon. The enemy is shelling our line on the railroad. Trains are arriving at the station with supplies. A heavy shower.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Tuesday, June 3, 1862

The army is fortifying its line.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Wednesday, June 4, 1862

Heavy rain storm. All the bridges over the Chickahominy destroyed.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Thursday, June 5, 1862

Brisk fighting near Mechanicsville all day.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Friday, June 6, 1862

Fair Oaks. Expiration of our first year in the service. Very quiet on the line.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 45

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Saturday, June 7, 1862

General Burns' brigade made a reconnoisance, in consequence of which a short fight took place.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Sunday, June 8, 1862

The enemy made a severe attack on our position this morning. Bad conduct of Baxter's Zouaves. Generals Sedgwick and Gorman forced them to return to the front. Visit of General McClellan, Duc de Chartres, the Count of Paris, Prince de Joinville, the Spanish Generals Prim and Milano del Bosch, Senor Justo San Miguel, Colonel Denteure, Colonel Cordazo, Senor de Sales, and Senor Perez Caloo, Spanish historian. They remained fifteen minutes at the headquarters of General Sumner, and made quite a show.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Monday, June 9, 1862

Fair Oaks. The rebels open on General Gorman's picket line, without inflicting any damage.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Tuesday, June 10, 1862

Fair Oaks. Heavy rain. The enemy opened with artillery on General Smith's division, towards evening.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Wednesday, June 11, 1862

Fair Oaks. In line of battle since two o'clock A. M. An attack expected every moment.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Thursday, June 12, 1862

Fair Oaks. Our whole line is fortifying stronger. Baxter's Zouaves are building breastworks of solid timber. Splendid moon nights.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 46

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Friday, June 13, 1862

Fair Oaks. We are in line of battle since three o'clock A. M. At five o'clock the enemy opened on our line with two Parrott guns, two Napoleons, and a howitzer, killing a man of Company I, First Minnesota, and wounding one of the Thirty-fourth New York Regiment. General McClellan inspected the whole line of Sumner's corps. Orders were given to strengthen the breastworks. Generals Sumner and Sedgwick change their headquarters, their former quarters being too much under fire.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, pp. 46-7

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Saturday, June 14, 1862

Fair Oaks. The First Minnesota were intrenching all day. Very quiet along the line. Great raid of Stuart's cavalry at White House Landing.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Sunday, June 15, 1862

Fair Oaks. Heavy firing in the direction of Fort Darling.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Monday, June 16, 1862

Fair Oaks. General Sickles' brigade had a short engagement with the rebels. General McClellan passed the line towards evening. Heavy firing on both wings of the army.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Tuesday, June 17, 1862

Heavy cannonading in the direction of Fort Darling.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Wednesday, June 18, 1862

Fair Oaks. General Porter's artillery had quite an engagement. In the afternoon the whole of the Second corps got ready for action. Our battery was harnessed up. The infantry of Richardson's division advanced under cover of two light batteries. The engagement was of short duration. Our loss, one hundred and seventy, killed and wounded, all of Richardson's division. General McClellan was present.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Thursday, June 19, 1862

Fair Oaks. The enemy lost nearly four hundred men in yesterday's engagement.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 47

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Friday, June 20, 1862

Fair Oaks. Heavy skirmishing along the whole line.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Saturday, June 21, 1862

Fair Oaks. The whiskey rations are countermanded to-day. During the night we were called under arms five times, the rebels making repeated attacks on the railroad. 

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Sunday, June 22, 1862

Quiet along the line. 

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Monday, June 23, 1862

Fair Oaks. Short engagement on the railroad. Thunder shower at night.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Tuesday, June 24, 1862

Fair Oaks. The enemy attacked at two o'clock A. М.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Wednesday, June 25, 1862

Heavy engagement near Old Church, lasting all day. Heintzleman's corps engaged. Our loss, one thousand men.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Thursday, June 26, 1862

Fair Oaks. Battle of Gaines' Farm. General Fitz John Porter was attacked on the north side of the Chickahominy this morning. The battle was going on till nine o'clock P. M., with great fury, when General Porter drove the enemy, as could be seen from our position. The peal of artillery was terrible, and the sky at night in a constant blaze. Great cheering along our line at ten o'clock in the night. All the bands playing national airs.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 48

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Friday, June 27, 1862

Fair Oaks. Battle of Gaines' Mills. Stonewall Jackson opened the battle this morning with overpowering numbers against General Porter. We could see from our position how the rebels drove Porter's troops from one position to the other. They are already fighting near Coal Harbor. General McClellan ordered General Sumner to hold his position at all hazards. By twelve o'clock A. M. we were attacked by the rebels with great determination. Four batteries opened on our centre and Smith's division, but were finally repulsed. General Porter is utterly defeated. Meagher's Irish brigade went to cover his retreat. Troops are marching and countermarching all night. Great cheering within the rebel lines.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, pp. 48-9

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Saturday, June 28, 1862

Fair Oaks. Our centre was attacked again this morning at ten o'clock. The enemy was handsomely repulsed, leaving one hundred and fifty, killed and wounded, inside our lines, Colonel Lamar, of Georgia, among the latter. Our situation is very critical, our right flank being turned. General Porter lost nine thousand men and twenty-four guns, and is crossing Bottoms' Bridge. The rebels occupy White House Landing. Towards evening, all the baggage teams were sent away, and all surplus ammunition, arms and commissary stores destroyed. The army is preparing to retreat. A part of the Second corps had already left, when orders arrived that our position must be held. A deep gloom is prevailing over the whole army.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, p. 49

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Sunday, June 29, 1862

Evacuation of Fair Oaks. At three o'clock A. M. orders came for us to leave as quick as possible. Smith's division had already fallen back two miles, which movement completely exposed our right flank. The rebels followed at our very heels. After marching a mile, General Sumner hastily formed a line of battle, crossing the railroad. We were not held long in inactivity. The rebels, in command of Magruder, soon attacked with three brigades of infantry and three batteries. This fight bears the name of battle of Peach Orchard. Our battery was in close action, supported by General French's brigade. Pettit's New York eight gun battery, was sent to our assistance towards three o'clock P. M. By General Sumner's skilful manœuvring we were enabled to fall back to Savage Station, leaving the dead and wounded behind. At the latter place, half of the Potomac army was drawn up in line of battle. The quantity of ammunition and stores at that place was immense. (Who would not remember the great explosion of the railroad train at Bottoms' Bridge.) About five o'clock P. M., the battle of Savage Station commenced, and kept on until late at night with great desperation. Our battery was within dangerous range of the enemy's fire, but not engaged. About nine o'clock, we fell back to the White Oak Swamp, arriving there at midnight.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, pp. 49-50

Diary of Private Theodore Reichardt, Monday, June 30, 1862

Battle of Glendale Farm. This battle is known by five different names: White Oak Swamp, Glendale Farm, Golding's Farm, Turkey Bend, and of Charles City Road. At daybreak we formed in line of battle. The enemy appeared shortly after. The battle opened at different points. (Every one recollects the delay of our retreat on that day, in covering our extensive trains, which occupied seventeen miles length of road.) At three o'clock P. M. the rear of the trains passed by, just in time, as we were attacked immediately after. The battle lasted until night. Sergeant Hammond, Seidlinger, and Slocum were wounded. Battery B, Pennsylvania Artillery, was taken by the rebels, right in our front. The gunboats participated in the battle. We fell back at midnight, leaving our dead and wounded on the field. Our battery carried their wounded off, but left one caisson behind, a lynchpin giving way. No other could be found during the excitement.

SOURCE: Theodore Reichardt, Diary of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, pp. 50-1

Speech by Ralph Waldo Emerson Delivered at the Brown Relief Meeting, held at Salem, Mass., January 6, 1860

MR. CHAIRMAN: I have been struck with one fact, that the best orators who have added their praise to his fame and I need not go out of this house to find the purest eloquence in the country — have one rival who comes off a little better, and that is John Brown. Every thing that is said of him leaves people a little dissatisfied; but as soon as they read his own speeches and letters they are heartily contented such is the singleness of purpose which justifies him to the head and the heart of all. Taught by this experience, I mean, in the few remarks I have to make, to cling to his history, or let him speak for himself.

John Brown, the founder of liberty in Kansas, was born in Torrington, Litchfield County, Conn., in 1800. When he was five years old his father emigrated to Ohio, and the boy was there set to keep sheep, and to look after cattle, and dress skins; he went bareheaded and barefooted, and clothed in buckskin. He said that he loved rough play, could never have rough play enough; could not see a seedy hat without wishing to pull it off. But for this it needed that the playmates should be equal; not one in fine clothes and the other in buckskin; not one his own master, hale and hearty, and the other watched and whipped. But it chanced that in Pennsylvania, where he was sent by his father to collect cattle, he fell in with a boy whom he heartily liked, and whom he looked upon as his superior. This boy was a slave; he saw him beaten with an iron shovel, and otherwise maltreated; he saw that this boy had nothing better to look forward to in life, whilst he himself was petted and made much of; for he was much considered in the family where he then stayed, from the circumstance that this boy of twelve years had conducted alone a drove of cattle a hundred miles. But the colored boy had no friend, and no future. This worked such indignation in him that he swore an oath of resistance to Slavery as long as he lived. And thus his enterprise to go into Virginia and run off five hundred or a thousand slaves, was not a piece of spite or revenge, a plot of two years or of twenty years, but the keeping of an oath made to heaven and earth forty-seven years before. Forty-seven years at least, though I incline to accept his own account of the matter, at Charlestown, which makes the date a little older, when he said, "This was all settled millions of years before the world was made."

He grew up a religious and manly person in severe poverty; a fair specimen of the best stock of New England; having that force of thought and that sense of right which are the warp and woof of greatness. Our farmers were Orthodox Calvinists, mighty in the Scriptures; had learned that life was a preparation, a "probation" to use their word, for a higher world, and was to be spent in loving and serving mankind.

Thus was formed a romantic character absolutely without any vulgar trait; living to ideal ends, without any mixture of self-indulgence or compromise, such as lowers the value of benevolent and thoughtful men we know; abstemious, refusing luxuries, not sourly and reproachfully, but simply as unfit for his habit; quiet and gentle as a child in the house. And, as happens usually to men of romantic character, his fortunes were romantic. Walter Scott would have delighted to draw his picture and trace his adventurous career. A shepherd and herdsman, he learned the manners of animals, and knew the secret signals by which animals communicate. He made his hard bed on the mountains with them; he learned to drive his flock through thickets all but impassable; he had all the skill of a shepherd by choice of breed, and by wise husbandry to obtain the best wool, and that for a course of years. And the anecdotes preserved show a far-seeing skill and conduct which, in spite of adverse accidents, should secure, one year with another, an honest reward, first to the farmer, and afterwards to the dealer. If he kept sheep, it was with a royal mind; and if he traded in wool, he was a merchant prince, not in the amount of wealth, but in the protection of the interests confided to him.

I am not a little surprised at the easy effrontery with which political gentlemen, in and out of Congress, take it upon them to say that there are not a thousand men in the North who sympathize with John Brown. It would be far safer and nearer the truth to say that all people, in proportion to their sensibility and self-respect, sympathize with him. For it is impossible to see courage, and disinterestedness, and the love that casts out fear, without sympathy.

All women are drawn to him by their predominance of sentiment. All gentlemen, of course, are on his side. I do not mean by "gentlemen," people of scented hair and perfumed handkerchiefs, but men of gentle blood and generosity, "fulfilled with all nobleness," who, like the Cid, give the outcast leper a share of their bed; like the dying Sidney, pass the cup of cold water to the wounded soldier who needs it more. For what is the oath of gentle blood and knighthood? What but to protect the weak and lowly against the strong oppressor?

Nothing is more absurd than to complain of this sympathy, or to complain of a party of men united in opposition to Slavery—As well complain of gravity, or the ebb of the tide. Who makes the Abolitionist? The Slaveholder. The sentiment of mercy is the natural recoil which the laws of the universe provide to protect mankind from destruction by savage passions. And our blind statesmen go up and down, with committees of vigilance and safety, hunting for the origin of this new heresy. They will need a very vigilant committee indeed to find its birthplace, and a very strong force to root it out. For the arch-Abolitionist, older than Brown, and older than the Shenandoah Mountains is Love, whose other name is Justice, which was before Alfred, before Lycurgus, before Slavery, and will be after it.

SOURCE: James Redpath, Editor, Echoes of Harper’s Ferry, pp. 119-22

25th Michigan Infantry Recruitment Poster, February 28, 1863

THE TWENTY-FIFTH

REGIMENT!

100 MEN WANTED!

To fill the Ranks of the 25th Reg’t Mich. Infantry, commanded by

COL. O. H. MOORE.

This Regiment is now in winter quarters at Bowling Green, Kentucky, in comfortable barracks. It is pronounced by Hon. J. J. Crittenden, and other eminent loyal Kentuckians to be the best disciplined, finest appearing and most orderly regiment that has ever crossed the Ohio River. It stands deservedly high in the service, and for those who desire to serve their country through patriotic motives, no better corps can be founded in which to serve than this

PAY & BOUNTIES:

TO EACH RECRUIT WILL BE PAID THE FOLLOWING:

Government Bounty,	$100,00
Monthly Pay, per month,	13,00
Stock Bounty (now being provided	50,00
Premium	2,00

Under the conscription bill about to be passed it is presumed that not less than 600,000 additional men will be called for. Michigan’s quota will not be far from 20,000. Let us hope that for the honor and glory of our gallant State, her citizens will spare no effort to raise these men AS VOLUNTEERS, and that none of her sons will be obliged to serve in the ranks as CONSCRIPTS. The Government needs the services of all our loyal men. Let us cheerfully give those that are asked. Persons desirous of enlisting in this favorite regiment will apply

Capt. CHA’S B. BRATT,             

U. S. RECRUITING OFFICER.

Office in _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

February 28, 1863

Telegraph Job Print

SOURCE: Photograph of poster provided by Bruce Mulder.

51st Missouri Infantry.

Organized at St. Joseph, Mo., March 1 to April 14 1865. Stationed at St. Louis, and in the Dept. of Missouri. Mustered out August 31, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 2 Enlisted men killed and 47 Enlisted men by disease. Total 49.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1338

51st Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry

Operations in Carroll, Ray and Livingston Counties July 27-August 4, 1862. Duty in Lafayette County. Affairs in Jackson and Lafayette Counties November 26-29, 1862. Duty in 7th Military District, Dept. of Missouri, August, 1864. At Albany, Ray County, June 7, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1338

51st Missouri Provisional Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Operations in Ray and Carroll Counties August 12-16, 1864. Skirmish Fredericksburg August 12. Albany, Ray County, October 26, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1338

52nd Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1338

52nd Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry

Called into service September 25, 1864, to repel Price's invasion of Missouri. Relieved from active service October 31, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1338

53rd Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

53rd Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Scout in Ralls County September 15-20, 1862. Placed on duty in 8th Military District, North Missouri, Dept. of Missouri, June, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

53rd Missouri Provisional Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Duty in North Missouri, 8th Military District, Dept. of Missouri.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

54th Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

54th Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Duty In Franklin County. Operations against Price September and October, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

55th Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

55th Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Duty In Franklin County. Operations against Price September and October, 1864.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

56th Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

56th Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Operations against Marmaduke's Expedition into Missouri April 17-May 3, 1863. Chalk Bluff, St. Francis River, April 30-May 1. Price's Invasion of Missouri September and October, 1864. Expedition from Cape Girardeau to Patterson, Wayne County, November 11-16. Skirmishes Reeve's Mountain November 19; Buckskull, Randolph County, Ark., November 20.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

57th Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

57th Missouri Provisional Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Duty in 7th Military District, North Missouri.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

58th Missouri Infantry.

Failed to complete organization.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

59th Missouri Enrolled Militia Infantry.

Duty in District of North Missouri, 8th Military District. Relieved January 5, 1865.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1339

Official Reports of the Campaign in North Alabama and Middle Tennessee, November 14, 1864-January 23, 1865: No. 21. — Reports of Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker, U.S. Army, commanding Second Brigade of operations November 30 and December 15-16, 1864.

No. 21.

Reports of Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker, U.S. Army, commanding Second Brigade of operations November 30 and December 15-16, 1864.

HDQRS. SECOND BRIG., FIRST DIV., FOURTH ARMY CORPS,        

Nashville, Tenn., December 6, 1864.

I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this brigade on the 30th day of November, 1864:

On that day at 4 a.m. my brigade moved from Spring Hill, on the west side of the turnpike road, bringing up the rear of the army. On reaching the heights about two miles south of Franklin, I formed a line of two battalions front on the summit of the ridge, and massed my remaining regiments in rear. My position was on the west side of the pike; joining me east of the pike was General Wagner's division, of the Fourth Corps. About 12 o'clock the enemy was discovered moving upon my position in strong force in several lines of battle, with a heavy skirmish line in front. I at once deployed my brigade along the high range of hills to my right, and threw up a temporary line of breast-works. While moving into position one man, a sergeant of Company C, Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers, was mortally wounded. After remaining in this position about one hour I was ordered to withdraw my brigade and report to the general commanding, at Franklin. I moved into the city at once and was thrown into position on the right of the division and army, my right flank resting on the Harpeth River. My line of battle was formed in the following order: Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. H. Humphrey commanding, on the right; next on its left the Fortieth Ohio Volunteers, Lieut. Col. James Watson commanding; next, Twenty-first Kentucky Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. C. Evans commanding; and the Thirty-fifth Indiana Volunteers, Lieut. Col. A. G. Tassin commanding, on the left. I held in reserve the Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers, Maj. George Hicks, the Twenty-third Kentucky Volunteers, Lieut. Col. G. W. Northup, and the Fifty-first Ohio, Lieut. Col. C. H. Wood. My front line was ordered to construct a line of works, which were but half finished when they were assaulted by the enemy in force, supposed to be two brigades. The fighting was short but severe. The enemy persisted in the assault about fifteen minutes, when they broke and fled, to return no more; they lost many killed and wounded. My loss was slight, having but 1 man killed and 8 wounded. I remained in this position until 12 o'clock at night, when, pursuant to orders, I withdrew from my works and crossed the river, taking up the line of march for Nashville.

In speaking of the conduct of my staff and of my officers and men, it is only necessary to state that they displayed their usual coolness and bravery in all the operations in which we were engaged.

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

W. C. WHITAKER,        

Brigadier-General.

Capt. N. G. FRANKLIN,
        Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Fourth Army Corps.

_______________

HDQRS. SECOND BRIG. FIRST DIV., FOURTH ARMY CORPS,        

In the Field, Columbia, Tenn., December 22, 1864.

The 15th of December my brigade reposed of Twenty-first Kentucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. J. C. Evans commanding; Twenty-third Kentucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. G. W. Northup commanding; Thirty-fifth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Tassin commanding; Forty-fifth Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Humphrey commanding; Fifty-first Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Wood commanding; Ninety-sixth Illinois, Maj. George Hicks commanding; One hundred and fifteenth Illinois, Col. J. H. Moore commanding—moved from their camp, below Nashville, about one mile to the right on the Hillsborough turnpike, to assault General Hood's army, occupying his lines of intrenchment in front of and south of that city. The First and Third Brigades of this division formed the first line. My brigade, massed in column of regiments, was held in reserve, covering the interval between the First and Second Divisions, ready to move to any point requiring support, and its movements were ordered to conform to those of the advancing column it was supporting. The general movement was for the right to swing round on the left as a pivot. The troops were put in motion, and about noon General Smith, on the extreme right, began to drive the enemy slowly, and soon heavy skirmishing began along our entire line. The Second Division, Fourth Corps, moved so slowly that the First Division on its left advanced beyond it and moved so rapidly that I was compelled to move my command by the left flank to unmask it from the Second Division, in order to be in readiness to support the First and Third Brigades of the First Division in an assault they were, at 4 p.m., making on a fortified hill in front of the Second Division, on the Hillsborough turnpike road. This hill was carried in such spirited and gallant style by the First Brigade, Colonel Kirby commanding, and the Ninth Indiana, Colonel Suman commanding, that the reserve was not called into action at this time.

The enemy having been driven from this position, he was pursued and driven along his intrenched lines beyond the Granny White turnpike. Darkness coming on, my brigade bivouacked on this turnpike, about three miles from Nashville. Though in reserve for a large portion of the time, my command was under heavy artillery fire, and lost this day I killed and 4 wounded.

December 16, between 6 and 7 a.m., we advanced, Second Brigade and Third Brigade having the advance of the division, my brigade being on the right, and formed in two lines, from right to left, as follows: Fifty-first Ohio, Forty-fifth Ohio, Twenty-first Kentucky, Ninety-sixth Illinois in first line, and in my second line, One hundred and fifteenth Illinois, Thirty-fifth Indiana, and Twenty-third Kentucky. Throwing out a strong line of skirmishers, under Captain Quigley, of Twenty-third Kentucky, the enemy's skirmishers were firmly driven by him, with some loss, and the rebels were found in a position strongly intrenched covering the Franklin turnpike road. Steadily advancing under a heavy fire of artillery, my command moved to within 1,000 yards of the enemy's works. In my immediate front were two rebel batteries of four guns each, 12 pounder Napoleons, Pettus' brigade and other rebel troops supporting in strong intrenchments, with strong embrasures for their artillery. They kept up a constant fire of shell, round shot, and musketry on my main line and skirmishers, killing and wounding some of my officers and men. By 2 p.m. of to-day three several assaults had been made on the enemy's lines—one by the Third Division, one by the Second Division, and one by the Third Brigade of the First Division of the Fourth Corps. They were made with great bravery and persistence, but were repulsed. Between 1 and 2 p.m. my front line was moved, under heavy fire, to between 400 and 500 yards of the enemy's main lines, in an open corn-field, where a frail protection was temporarily thrown up. At between 3 and 4 p.m. heavy firing indicated that General Schofield and General Smith were driving the rebels on the extreme right on their front. General Garrard's division, on my right, having orders to advance, without awaiting orders I directed my brigade to storm the enemy's works in my front. This order met with the most cordial approval of General Kimball, division commander, who came up as my troops were beginning to move. With alacrity and gallantry unsurpassed the storming column, composed of the Fifty-first Ohio, Forty-fifth Ohio, Twenty-first Kentucky, and Ninety-sixth Illinois, with the second line at supporting distance (all under fire), advanced through an open cornfield for 400 or 500 yards, under a terrific fire of shell, canister, and musketry. The enemy's lines were stormed. Nothing could impede the boldness and energy of the attack, and in four or five minutes their works, 6 pieces of artillery, 600 stand of small-arms, and between 400 and 500 prisoners were ours. Many of the enemy were killed and wounded, and those surviving not taken prisoners precipitately fled in great disorder. The Ninety-sixth Illinois followed them rapidly, sweeping down the line of their works, adding to their wild confusion and terror. By the time we had possession of their works and had planted the flag of our country on them, the Third Brigade swept down on its front, and soon the entire rebel front was one wild scene of rout and terror. So energetic and impetuous was the assault of my brigade that two of the pieces of artillery captured were found double-shotted with canister; the gunners had fallen or fled, and the pieces left undischarged. With alacrity the brigade was pushed forward down to and on the right of the Franklin turnpike road, accompanied by Battery M, of the Fourth Regulars, until it became too dark to proceed farther.

After halting, Provost-Marshal Lieutenant Pepoon was sent to collect and take care of the spoils of victory, and reported, in addition to the cannon, small-arms, and prisoners, a large supply of intrenching tools.

My loss was light, compared with the danger incurred and the great results accomplished, being 1 officer and 8 privates killed, and 34 privates wounded, and 1 private missing, making a grand total on both days of 49. This smallness of loss is attributable to the high firing of the enemy, who overshot the storming column.

It is with deep regret that I record the death of Lieutenant Hugh A. Hedger, of the Twenty-first Kentucky. He was killed by a solid shot, at the head of his company. Intelligent, brave, generous, and efficient as an officer, his loss will be deeply felt by his regiment and the service; to his friends and widowed mother it is irreparable, but they feel that he has left a name for honor as imperishable as the everlasting hills under whose shadow he yielded up his life for his country.

Appended to this report will be found tables of my loss. The ardor of pursuit prevented my enumerating and giving the loss of the enemy; it was heavy.

We were supported on the advance of to-day by Captain Ziegler's (Second Pennsylvania) battery, and later in the day by Battery M of the Fourth Regulars, Captain Canby and Lieutenant Stephenson being in command. Both batteries were handled with consummate skill and effect. Each of the officers I have mentioned, as also the men of the batteries under my immediate notice, bore themselves well and deserve the highest praise.

A generous emulation and spirit of rivalry pervaded my command as to who should reach the enemy's lines first. From the length of my line it was impossible for me to see whose colors were first on the enemy's works, but little difference of time was between all of the storming column. I must divide the honor between them, for the flag of our country was never more gallantly borne. A high meed of praise is due the supporting column for the promptness of its movements. I must specially mention as highly deserving of our country, Col. J. H. Moore, Lieutenant-Colonel Evans, Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, Lieutenant-Colonel Northup, Lieutenant-Colonel Tassin, Lieutenant-Colonel Humphrey, and Major Hicks. Each one of these officers commanded regiments, and did so bravely and ably. I speak most favorably of the coolness and bravery of Major Hoskins, of the Twenty-first Kentucky, and of Lieutenant-Colonel Poteet, of the One hundred and fifteenth Illinois, who was division officer of the day. 'Tis with pleasure that I call the attention of the general commanding to a list of those who have been specially noticed by their regimental commanders, accompanying this report. Of the brave and indomitable men composing my command from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky, I can truly say they did their whole duty fairly, efficiently, and with an intensity of spirit seldom equaled, and never surpassed.

Through the labors and services of my brave staff officers—Capt. H. F. Temple, acting assistant adjutant-general; my aides, Lieut. John B. Buckner and Lieut. C. W. Earle; my inspector, Capt. John M. Frew, and my provost-marshal, Lieutenant Pepoon—the whole power and effective strength of my brigade was hurled upon the enemy at the right moment, and in the most available manner. Quick to comprehend and swift to execute every order regardless of any danger, the warmest gratitude of our country, the highest praise of the general commanding, and my warmest thanks for their services, are due them.

Brigade Surg. C. J. Walton and Surgeons Jennings, Evans, and Averdick came under my immediate observation in the discharge of their noble duty of alleviating the sufferings of our brave wounded, and this while under heavy fire from the enemy.

Of Father Cooney, chaplain of the Thirty-fifth Indiana, I commend him as an example of the army chaplain; meek, pious, and brave as a lion, he worked with his brave regiment in the valley of the shadow of death, affording the ministrations of his holy religion to the wounded and dying, and giving words of encouragement to his fellow soldiers.

It is with  commingled feelings of pride and satisfaction that I record the part taken by the Iron Brigade—an integral part of the splendid, victorious Army of the Cumberland—in adding another laurel to that immortal wreath that now crowns our national honor, integrity, and glory.

I have the honor to be, yours, with respect,

WALTER C. WHITAKER,        

Brigadier-General.

Col. E. D. MASON,
        Asst. Adjt. Gen, First Division, Fourth Army Corps.

Report of officers and men mentioned specially by their regimental commanders for gallantry and meritorious conduct in the battles before Nashville, Tenn., which I desire to append to my official report:

Father P. P. Cooney, chaplain Thirty-fifth Indiana Volunteers; Adjt. W. M. Williams, Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteers; First Lieut. A. G. Henderson, Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteers; Adjt. John E. Smith, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers; Capt. William Nicholas, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers; Lieutenants Knous, Fisher, Ayres, Croxton, Pocock, and Purvis, also Sergt. Maj. S.G. J. Worthington and Sergeants Shaw, English, and Carruthers, commanding companies Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers; Capt. Charles E. Rowan, Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers; First Lieut. William Dawson, Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers; Adjt. E. A. Blodgett, Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers; Color-Sergt. John Vincent, Ninety-sixth Illinois Volunteers.

_______________

List of casualties in the Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, in the battles before Nashville, Tenn., December 15-16, 1864.

Command.	Date.	Officers.				Men.				Aggregate.
		K	W	M	T	K	W	M	T
21st Kentucky Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. C. Evans	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	1	1	....	2	2
	Dec. 16	1	....	....	1	1	3	....	4	5
23d Kentucky Volunteers, Lieut. Col. G. W. Northup.	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....
	Dec. 16	....	....	....	....	....	3	....	3	3
35th Indiana Volunteers, Lieut. Col. A. G. Taasin.	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....
	Dec. 16	....	....	....	....	2	2	....	4	4
45th Ohio Volunteers, Lieut. Col. J. H. Humphrey	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	1	....	1	1
	Dec. 16	....	....	....	....	1	2	....	3	3
51st Ohio Volunteers, Lieut. Col. C. H. Wood	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....
	Dec 16	....	....	....	....	1	8	....	9	9
96th Illinois Volunteers, Maj. George Hicks	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....	....
	Dec. 16	....	....	....	....	3	9	1	13	13
115th Illinois Volunteers, Col. J. H. Moore	Dec. 15	....	....	....	....	....	2	....	2	2
	Dec. 16	....	....	....	....	....	7	....	7	7
Total		1	....	....	1	9	38	1	48	49

[K = Killed.  W = Wounded.  M = Missing. T = Total.]

This list is made from lists accompanying each regimental commander's report, and is believed to be correct.

W. C. WHITAKER,        

Brigadier-General.

SOURCE: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 45, Part 1 (Serial No. 93), pp. 195-9