HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO,
Somerset, Ky., January 31, 1862.
CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that in carrying out the
instructions of the general commanding the department, contained in his
communication of the 29th of December, I reached Logan's Cross-Roads, about 10
miles north of the intrenched camp of the enemy on the Cumberland River, on the
17th instant, with a portion of the Second and Third Brigades, Kenny's battery
of artillery, and a battalion of Wolford's cavalry. The Fourth and Tenth
Kentucky, Fourteenth Ohio, and the Eighteenth U.S. Infantry being still in
rear, detained by the almost impassable condition of the roads, I determined to
halt at this point, to await their arrival and to communicate with General
Schoepf.
The Tenth Indiana, Wolford's cavalry, and Kenny's battery
took position on the road leading to the enemy's camp. The Ninth Ohio and
Second Minnesota (part of Colonel McCook's brigade) encamped three-fourths of a
mile to the right, on the Robertsport road. Strong pickets were thrown out in
the direction of the enemy beyond where the Somerset and Mill Springs road
comes into the main road from my camp to Mill Springs, and a picket of cavalry
some distance in advance of the infantry.
General Schoepf visited me on the day of my arrival, and,
after consultation, I directed him to send to my camp Standart's battery, the
Twelfth Kentucky, and the First and Second Tennessee Regiments, to remain until
the arrival of the regiments in rear.
Having received information on the evening of the 17th that
a large train of wagons with its escort were encamped on the Robertsport and
Danville road, about 6 miles from Colonel Steedman's camp, I sent an order to
him to send his wagons forward under a strong guard, and to march with his
regiment (the Fourteenth Ohio) and the Tenth Kentucky (Colonel Harlan), with one
day's rations in their haversacks, to the point where the enemy were said to be
encamped, and either capture or disperse them.
Nothing of importance occurred from the time of our arrival
until the morning of the 19th, except a picket skirmish on the night of the
17th. The Fourth Kentucky, the battalion of Michigan Engineers, and Wetmore's
battery joined on the 18th.
About 6.30 o'clock on the morning of the 19th the pickets
from Walford's cavalry encountered the enemy advancing on our camp, retired
slowly, and reported their advance to Col. M.D. Manson, commanding the Second
Brigade. He immediately formed his regiment (the Tenth Indiana) and took a
position on the road to await the attack, ordering the Fourth Kentucky (Col. S.
S. Fry) to support him, and then informed me in person that the enemy were
advancing in force and what disposition he had made to resist them. I directed
him to join his brigade immediately and hold the enemy in check until I could
order up the other troops, which were ordered to form immediately and were
marching to the field in ten minutes afterwards. The battalion of Michigan
Engineers and Company A, Thirty-eighth Ohio (Captain Greenwood), were ordered
to remain as guard to the camp.
Upon my arrival on the field soon afterwards I found the
Tenth Indiana formed in front of their encampment, apparently awaiting orders,
and ordered them forward to the support of the Fourth Kentucky, which was the
only entire regiment then engaged. I then rode forward myself to see the
enemy's position, so that I could determine what disposition to make of my
troops as they arrived. On reaching the position held by the Fourth Kentucky,
Tenth Indiana, and Wolford's cavalry, at a point where the roads fork leading
to Somerset, I found the enemy advancing through a corn field and evidently
endeavoring to gain the left of the Fourth Kentucky Regiment, which was
maintaining its position in a most determined manner. I directed one of my
aides to ride back and order up a section of artillery and the Tennessee
brigade to advance on the enemy's right, and sent orders for Colonel McCook to
advance with his two regiments (the Ninth Ohio and Second Minnesota) to the
support of the Fourth Kentucky and Tenth Indiana.
A section of Captain Kenny's battery took a position on the
edge of the field to the left of the Fourth Kentucky and opened an efficient
fire on a regiment of Alabamians, which were advancing on the Fourth Kentucky.
Soon afterwards the Second Minnesota (Col. H. P. Van Cleve) arrived, the
colonel reporting to me for instructions. I directed him to take the position
of the Fourth Kentucky and Tenth Indiana, which regiments were nearly out of
ammunition. The Ninth Ohio, under the immediate command of Major Kammerling,
came into position on the right of the road at the same time.
Immediately after these regiments had gained their position
the enemy opened a most determined and galling fire, which was returned by our
troops in the same spirit, and for nearly half an hour the contest was
maintained on both sides in the most obstinate manner. At this time the Twelfth
Kentucky (Col. W. A. Hoskins) and the Tennessee brigade reached the field to
the left of the Minnesota regiment, and opened fire on the right flank of the
enemy, who then began to fall back. The Second Minnesota kept up a most galling
fire in front, and the Ninth Ohio charged the enemy on the right with bayonets
fixed, turned their flank, and drove them from the field, the whole line giving
way and retreating in the utmost disorder and confusion.
As soon as the regiments could be formed and refill their
cartridge-boxes I ordered the whole force to advance. A few miles in rear of
the battle-field a small force of cavalry was drawn up near the road, but a few
shots from our artillery (a section of Standart's battery) dispersed them, and
none of the enemy were seen again until we arrived in front of their
intrenchments. As we approached their intrenchments the division was deployed
in line of battle and steadily advanced to the summit of the hill at Moulden's.
From this point I directed their intrenchments to be cannonaded, which was done
until dark by Standart's and Wetmore's batteries. Kenny's battery was placed in
position on the extreme left at Russell's house, from which point he was
directed to fire on their ferry, to deter them from attempting to cross. On the
following morning Captain Wetmore's battery was ordered to Russell's house, and
assisted with his Parrott guns in firing upon the ferry. Colonel Manson's
brigade took position on the left near Kenny's battery, and every preparation
was made to assault their intrenchments on the following morning. The
Fourteenth Ohio (Colonel Steedman) and the Tenth Kentucky (Colonel Harlan)
having joined from detached service soon after the repulse of the enemy,
continued with their brigade in the pursuit, although they could not get up in
time to join in the fight. These two regiments were placed in front in my
advance on the intrenchments the next morning and entered first. General
Schoepf also joined me the evening of the 19th with the Seventeenth,
Thirty-first, and Thirty-eighth Ohio.
His entire brigade entered with the other troops.
On reaching the intrenchments we found the enemy had
abandoned everything and retired during the night. Twelve pieces of artillery,
with their caissons packed with ammunition; one battery wagon and two forges; a
large amount of ammunition; a large number of small-arms, mostly the old
flint-lock muskets; 150 or 160 wagons, and upwards of 1,000 horses and mules; a
large amount of commissary stores, intrenching tools, and camp and garrison
equipage, fell into our hands. A correct list of all the captured property will
be forwarded as soon as it can be made up and the property secured.
The steam and ferry boats having been burned by the enemy in
their retreat, it was found impossible to cross the river and pursue them;
besides, their command was completely demoralized, and retreated with great
haste and in all directions, making their capture in any numbers quite doubtful
if pursued. There is no doubt but what the moral effect produced by their
complete dispersion will have a more decided effect in re-establishing Union
sentiments than though they had been captured.
It affords me much pleasure to be able to testify to the
uniform steadiness and good conduct of both officers and men during the battle,
and I respectfully refer to the accompanying reports of the different
commanders for the names of those officers and men whose good conduct was
particularly noticed by them.
I regret to have to report that Col. R. L. McCook,
commanding the Third Brigade, and his aide, Lieut. A. S. Burt, Eighteenth U.S.
Infantry, were both severely wounded in the first advance of the Ninth Ohio
Regiment,, but continued on duty until the return of the brigade to camp at
Logan's Cross-Roads.
Col. S. S. Fly, Fourth Kentucky, was slightly wounded whilst
his regiment was gallantly resisting the advance of the enemy, during which
time General Zollicoffer fell from a shot from his (Colonel Fry's) pistol, which
no doubt contributed materially to the discomfiture of the enemy.
Capt. G. E. Flynt, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. Alvan
C. Gillem, division quartermaster; Lieut. Joseph C. Breckinridge, aide-de-camp;
Lieut. S. E. Jones, acting assistant quartermaster; Mr. J. W. Scully
quartermaster's clerk; Privates Samuel Letcher, Twenty-first Regiment Kentucky
Volunteers; Stitch, Fourth Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, rendered me valuable
assistance in carrying orders and conducting the troops to their different positions.
Capt. George S. Roper deserves great credit for his
perseverance and energy in forwarding commissary stores as far as the hill
where our forces bivouacked.
In addition to the duties of guarding the camp, Lieut. Col.
K. A. Hunton, commanding the Michigan Engineers, and Captain Greenwood, Company
A, Thirty-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, with their commands, performed very
efficient service in collecting and burying the dead on both aides and in
moving the wounded to the hospitals near the battle-field.
A number of flags were taken on the field of battle and in
the intrenchments. They will be forwarded to headquarters as soon as collected
together.
The enemy's loss, as far as known, is as follows:
Brigadier-General Zollicoffer, Lieutenant Bailie Peyton, and 190 officers,
non-commissioned officers, and privates, killed; Lieut. Col. M. B. Carter,
Twentieth Tennessee; Lieut. J. W. Allen, Fifteenth Mississippi; Lieut. Allen
Morse, Sixteenth Alabama, and 5 officers of the medical staff and 81
non-commissioned officers and privates, taken prisoners; Lieut. J. E.
Patterson, Twentieth Tennessee, and A. J. Knapp, Fifteenth Mississippi, and 66
non-commissioned officers and privates, wounded; making 192 killed, 89
prisoners not wounded and 68 wounded; a total of killed, wounded, and prisoners
of 349.
Our loss was as follows:
Command.
|
Killed.
|
Wounded.
|
Officers.
|
Men.
|
Officers.
|
Men.
|
10th Indiana
|
....
|
10
|
3
|
72
|
1st Kentucky (Cavalry)
|
1
|
2
|
....
|
19
|
4th Kentucky
|
....
|
8
|
4
|
48
|
2d Minnesota
|
....
|
12
|
2
|
31
|
9th Ohio
|
....
|
6
|
4
|
24
|
Total
|
1
|
38
|
13
|
194
|
A complete list of the names of our killed and wounded and
of the prisoners is herewith attached.*
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. H. THOMAS,
Brigadier-General, U.S. Volunteers, Commanding.
Capt. J. B. FRY,
A. A. G., Chief of Staff, Hdqrs. Dept. Ohio, Louisville, Ky. _______________
* Omitted.
SOURCE: The War of the Rebellion: A
Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies,
Series I, Volume 7 (Serial No. 7), p. 79-82