Markets

FRIDAY, May 23, P.M.

The weather during the past week has been cool and pleasant – very favorable for growing crops.  The receipts of grain are on the increase.  Farmers are improving the time before corn is ready for plowing in bringing forward their remaining surplus from last year’s crop.  Wheat steady at 55 to 60 cents for common to choice Spring.  Winter rules about 10 cents higher, and if clean and free from Rye is in demand at 70 to 75 cents.  City Mills running full time.

Rye and oats are wanted for shipment to St. Louis, where we notice sales of the former at 50 cents, bags included, and the latter at 50 cents.  For details of St. Louis and Chicago markets we refer to the annexed reports.

The river at this point is gradually receding.  A large force is at work on the C. B. & Q. R. R. repairing the track, and hope to have the cars into East Burlington next week.  The Railroad east continues to move freight promptly via Quincy three times a week by steamer Fannie and live stock every day by the ferry boat to Oquawka.

SUGAR – 8½@9½ - crushed, 11½; refined white 11½c; clarified 10½c.

COFFE – 20@22c.

MOLASSES – By the bbl., Reboiled, 40; Syrup, 45; kegs $4.50.  Sorghum, 25@30c.

NAILS – Ass., $3 75@4.

RICE – 8c.

FRUIT – Raisins, prime, new $4.50.

BROOMS – $1 25@1 go per dozen.

FLOUR – Wholesale $4.50 to $5.00; Spring $4.00@$4.55.

WHEAT – Spring, 55@60, choice t0; Winter 65@70 choice.

CORN – 18@19c.

RYE – 28@30c.

BEANS – 60@75c per bush.

POTATOES – 25@30c per bush.

OATS – 20@22c.

BUTTER – 8@9c.

EGGS – 4c.

CHICKENS – 60@70c per doz.

ONIONS – 25c. – no market.

HAY – Timothy, $7@$9

WOOD – $2 50@$3 00.

HIDES – Green, 4½c.; Dry Fling 10@11c.  Green Salted 5½c.

GREEN CALF SKINS – 5c; salted, 6@7c.

SHEEP PELTS – 35@100.

WHISKEY – 21@23c.

LARD – 4@5c. per lb in bbl.

APPLES – 30@50c.

DRIED APPLES – 6@7c per lb.

TIMOTHY SEED – $1.25 to 1.50 per push.  No market.

HUNGARIAN GRASS SEED – 25@40c. [per] bushel.  No sale.

CLOVER SEED – $4 50@$5 00.  No market.

FLAX SEED – prime $1 25@$1 50.

CORN MEAL – 25@30c.

BACON – Hams 4 cents; shoulders 3 cents; side 4c.

RAGS – 2c per lb.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, May 24, 1862, p. 3

Adjusted

NEW YORK, May 15. – Farmers throughout the country will be glad to learn that the manufacturers of the Buckeye Ohio and Union Mowing Machines have adjusted all conflicting claims as to Patent rights, and argriculturists can purchase either now without fearing a law suit.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, May 17, 1862, p. 3

Crop Prospects Abroad

There appears to be a diversity of opinion abroad as to the appearance of the crops. – Baron Mecei, the eminent agriculturalist, writes to the London Times:

“I congratulate the country on its food prospects.  I never saw the wheat look more promising, or a more perfect plant, especially on the heavy lands which suffered so much the last two years, the contrast between this and the last two is striking.  The wheat plants branch or tiller abundantly.  Last spring the very reverse was the case.  There is also a greatly increased breadth of wheat this year, and the crops are from three weeks to a month earlier.  Beans and peas are luxuriant, also spring tares, grasses, and clover.  Barley grows rapidly, but on some heavy underdrained lands farmers have been hindered from sowing their spring grains.  Oats and managold will go in well when the land dries a little. – Altogether, I never saw a more promising spring.”

The Mark Lane Express, however, thinks that the continuance of rainy weather has very materially affected the cereal prospects.  That Journal says: “Much barley, oats and other spring crops remain unsown.  The young wheat has already changed its appearance, being in many places rank weak and unpromising; and the only favorable circumstance as respects the future is the rapid growth of the grass, as well as of all esculents.  The reference to the damp weather as damaging to the wheat samples has been quite discouraging; but as the acceptance of facts, whether pleasant or not, is our proper province, we can only lament the continued want of condition in the samples.  We have become much more dependent on foreign supplies, and there is already a greater firmness in the trade not withstanding good stocks and heavy arrivals, more especially American flour.”

It is estimated by the same authority that sixty-four million bushels foreign wheat will be needed to supply the English market alone from the first of May to the first of September.  This is about twice as much as was required for the same period of time last year.  From this it is apparent that every bushel of grain which our farmers can raise will meet with ready sale.  Every encouragement is presented for developing our agricultural resources to their utmost extent.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly-Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, May 17, 1862, p. 2

To Farmers

Editor Sentinel,

For the encouragement of the farmers of Clark[e] County, I would inform them, that on the 13^th of December 1862, we organized a Farmers club in Washington Township.  We now have about fifty working members, and will soon select a site for a fairgrounds, lots and scales.

On New years night we organized a club in Fremont Township.  The preamble and constitution of that club, I will have published through the Sentinel, according to promise for a kind of guide for other clubs, yet to organize.

Farmers, organize soon in the various neighborhoods, and send the names of your President and Secretary to Hon. W. D. Wilson, Des Moines Iowa; also the name of the club.  He will forward documents, reports and seeds to your address.

Mr. Wilson informs me that he can send all the tobacco and cotton seed the farmers want.  I will write to the commissioner at Washington for a supply of good seeds and cuttings, for gratuitous distribution among the regular organized clubs.

W. Watts,

Sec. Clark[e] County Ag’l Society.

– Published in The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, January 3, 1863



Important Suggestions to Farmers

Under the above heading, Dr. Charles Jewett, the Chemist, furnishes an interesting communication to the Iowa City Republican, urging upon farmers the necessity of diversifying their labors.  He says not a pound nor a foot of cordage should be imported by the people of Iowa.  Flax and hemp may be raised here in any quantity, and the machinery and buildings necessary are very plain, and cost little.  Our paper might all be manufactured here, and within the next six years all the course woolen goods needed for clothing, as well as carpets and woolen yarn.  Linseed oil might be made, too, enough for ourselves, and leaving a million of gallons for export.  His remarks on fuel merit attention.  He says:

“I wish however to direct those of your citizens who live on large prairies, distant from timber, and who have been driven to the use of corn as fuel, to the production of an annual plant for fuel, which will be found to be richer in combustive elements than corn, and which can be raised with as little trouble.  I refer to the Sun-flower.  Planted in hills like corn, or in drills, three and a half or four feet between the rows, and eighteen inches between plants in the row it will produce, on a patch of three or four acres, fuel sufficient to supply a family for a twelve month.  The leaves all fall from the stock and its branches, after being killed by the frosts of Autumn, and the stalks as well as heads, become quite dry.  They may be cut at the ground by one blow of a hatchet and laid upon a wagon and packed close in a wood house and there be kept quite dry for use.  A lad, whose labor would be of little value elsewhere, can cut them, piling the heads for winter use, while the stock will be found sufficient for cooking purposes in the warm season of the year.  The heads are quite heavy with seed, compactly set, which are far richer in oil than corn, and will be found excellent fuel.  Like all broad leaved plants, if we except the tobacco, it derives most of its nourishment from the atmosphere and does not, therefore exhaust the soil.  Unlike the stalk of corn, of which only the ear is burned, the entire plant may be made useful as fuel, and may be harvested and preserved with comparatively little labor.”

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Saturday Morning, February 15, 1862, p. 2

The European Grain Crop

It is of importance to our farmers to know that there is likely to be an immense call for their aid abroad. The German papers indicate that the production of cereals on the continent is likely to fall far below the actual necessities of its vast population. The tremendous floods which lately devastated some of the finest grain growing regions of Germany and the Netherlands have diminished the possibilities of successful culture there, while in other directions the unusually inclement weather has done equal damage. In England, heavy rains continued throughout March far into April and the fields are still so saturated that, altho’ the vegetation is of fine appearance, it promises more hay and straw than grain. As late as April 14th white frost in the morning was followed by intense heat at noon. In France the prospect is better, but by no means satisfactory. In the North rain is too abundant; in the South the rapid succession of heat and cold has killed much of the whole sowing. Accounts from Italy, through Austrian channels, are nearly as bad, and even in Algeria, whence Europe has within a few years drawn copious supplies, the sirocco has laid waste to the grain fields. America then, will be more entitled during the coming year than ever, to be called the Granary of the World.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, May 10, 1862, p. 2

A Large Sugar Grower

Mr. James Mason of Farmington, has made fifty-two barrels of Illinois plantation syrup, or as generally termed sorghum, this year. He brought twenty-five barrels to this city yesterday to exchange for groceries, and found no difficulty in disposing of it on remunerative terms. The samples exhibited were of excellent quality, and to all appearances equal to golden syrup. – Peoria Transcript.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Tuesday Morning, February 11, 1862, p. 2

We were shown a fine specimen . . .

. . . of sugar made from the box elder which abounds in this county. It was made by Mr. Picket, of Bear Grove, and is superior in grain to anything we ever saw made from the tree. In sweetness and flavor it is equal to the common maple sugar, and as the box elder is nothing more than the ash-leaved maple, can be called maple sugar itself. Wouldn’t it pay for farmers to make their [own] sugar from this tree. – {Guthrie Gazette.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, May 3, 1862, p. 2

Local Matters

GENTLEMEN get your clothing made at Erskine’s.

A NEW lot of Ready Made Clothing for sale very cheap at Erskine’s.

GONE HOME. – Chief Justice Baldwin and Judge Wright, with a number of the lawyers who have been attending the Supreme Court, left yesterday morning on the steamboat Jennie Whipple for their respective homes.

IT IS a true saying, and worthy of all acceptance, that Farrand, Cor. Of 2d and Main sts., Davenport, has the best stock of hats and caps in the western country. His hats are all neat and serviceable. He keeps constantly on hand all the latest and most desirable styles, which he is selling cheap for cash. For the proof of this give him a trial.

IOWA STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY. – The annual meeting of this Society will take place at Iowa City on Wednesday, May 28th. The county societies are requested to make the proper effort to secure a full attendance, and all members of the profession in the state having the requirements, are invited to meet and become members of the Association

MERRY’S MUSEUM. This excellent magazine for the young has enjoyed a deserved popularity for the past twenty-one years. It is filled with choice stories, essays, instructive articles on natural history and other sciences of peculiar interest to the young, games, puzzles, &c., and embellished with beautiful pictures illustrative of its topics. Terms $1 a year in advance. Address J. N. Stearns, publisher, 111 Fulton street, New York city. We advised every parent and teacher send for it.

GRAPES. – There appears to be a perfect furore [sic] for the new sort of grape vines. Let us urge cultivators not to neglect the older and well tried varieties. Almost every kind has its peculiar desirable qualities. Study all these advantages, and don’t confine your view to only one or two qualities. While early maturity and delicious flavor will and ought to insure favor for vines with these characteristics, the keeping qualities are almost equally valuable. Now, the old Isabella can be kept without difficulty until February and March. As much cannot be said of either the Clinton or Catawba, and perhaps of hardly any other variety. Let our readers bear this in mind, and act accordingly.

ADVERTISING. – Our contemporary of the Dubuque Times thus discourses upon advertising:– Fanny Fern has said some good things in her way, but she never made a better bit or spoke truer than when she perpetrated the following: “It is just as sensible to get married without courting as to attempt to succeed in business without advertising.” How are the public to know what you have to dispose of unless you make it known through the medium of the press? A gentleman whose mind had been brought to bear upon this subject by reading an article on the subject of advertising, concluded to make an examination of the matter, and taking up a paper examined the advertisements, made a list of those merchants who had advertised, and them made a tour of the streets where they were located, and his experience was, that those houses which advertised frequently and liberally were crowded with customers, while equally as attractive looking stores next door to them were doing but little, and some of them no business.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, April 25, 1862, p. 1

Iowa Items

The Legislature at its recent session provided for publishing all laws of a general nature in the German papers of the State at a rate not exceeding thirty-five cents per thousand.

Allamakee and Clayton are continually choosing county seats. On the 7th inst., the former county decided to retain the county seat at Lansing, by about fifty majority, Waukon, the former capital of the county, was the other candidate.

The Republican members of the Legislature from the Third Congressional District, before the adjournment, elected an executive committee for that district, consisting of one from each county.

The Independence Guardian says that Mr. Ingalls of that city, who has already invented various machines to lighten the labor of farmers, is now engaged on one that combines, in a simple, compact form, a grain drill, a broadcast sower, (sowing grain and grass seed at the same time, when needed) a harrow, and a cultivator – we believe that is all!” The Guardian feels confident of its success.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Wednesday Morning, April 23, 1862, p. 2

Rural Suggestions

A farmer should never be ashamed of himself or his business. He should have dignity enough to respect his calling and if need be eloquence enough to magnify [it.] He should have independence enough to set a price on the products of his industry, and not depend so much on the oily tongue of the market-man or trader. He should have a shop well stocked with tools, where he can make or repair farm implements, or learn his boys the art. He should have a library of his own, take agricultural and other papers, and keep posted on current events. A few dollars spent in books or papers is a better investment than loitering about public places or talking up others’ defects.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, April 26, 1862, p. 2

Work Hands Wanted

Many of our citizens in the Eastern part of the State have left that section with their servants, and it is desirable that they should be employed in the cultivation of the unoccupied lands in the middle and Western Counties. We are told that there are thousands of acres of untenanted lands which will grow wheat, corn, irish potatoes, rye, barley, &c., and where pork and cattle can be raised abundantly. It is of immense importance that all the bread and meat which can be raised in North Carolina the present year, should be. At the prices now demanded for bread and meat, which they are by far too high, no class of men are making so much as the farmers who raise provisions. Let our Eastern people, therefore, who are in doubt about making a crop in the East, send or carry their hands up the country. A friend writes us that corn will mature in the Western Counties if not planted before the 5th of June. Mr. D. E. Ridenhour of Hold Hill, Rowan County, N.C., Writes us that he is anxious to hire several hands.

– Published in The North Carolina Weekly Standard, Raleigh, North Carolina, Wednesday, April 16, 1862, p. 1

Preventive of the Curculio

Mr. A. C. Hubbard, of Detroit, published in the Michigan Farmer a statement that common elder bushes tied to the branches of [a] plum tree had prevented the operation of the curculio for three years in a garden he recently visited. His friend had been upon the place five years. The first two years he tried to save his fruits by shaking the insects upon cloth, with put poor success. And old Frenchman told him to put elder bushes in his trees. He has done so for three years with the success – a full crop of perfect fruit. The bushes were put into the trees every few days from the time the fruit was set until full grown.

– Published in The Athens Messenger, Athens, Ohio, Thursday Morning, April 24, 1862

The wet weather is keeping back farm labor.

Very little wheat has yet been sown and the season is so far advanced that even with favorable weather hereafter the breadth of land in wheat will be much less this year than last. – Late sown wheat is not as apt to do well as early and this circumstance may affect the yield. The chances are against a large wheat crop in Iowa this year.

*~*~*~*~*

It is presumed that the heavy rains of the last few days will stop the fall and set the river again upon the rise.

– Published in the Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, April 19, 1862

J. M. Allen, of Henry county . . .

. . . has been appointed Provost Marshall for this (5th) District, under the late enrollment act. Richard a. Yoe, Commissioner, and Dr. Thomas Hall of this place, Surgeon. We have no acquaintance with the two first named gentlemen, but if they are as well qualified for the positions to which they are appointed as Dr. Hall is, we shall have no occasion for complaint on that score.

It is reported that the rebels have evacuated Vicksburg.

SOME PORK – Some time in March, Mr. A. Chamberlain of West Jersey, killed a pig 17 months old which weighted five hundred pounds, when dressed. We call that a good sized shoat, and doubt if it can me matched in this section, by anything of the same age. If there is anything to beat it, we should like to hear of it.

– Published in the Stark County News, Toulon, Illinois, Wednesday, May 27, 1863

The Battle of the Sheep

There is a vein of good humor that appears even in their quarrels. A flock of them have come into the yard together to drink, and one of the lot inconsiderately walks obliquely across the path of another just before him, and in a manner to put slight upon his dignity. The injured wether [sic] hits him a sudden stroke with the side of the head; instantly the two were in line of battle. The attitude of the offended animal is most imposing. He is not angry; he is indignant morally. His whole being is opposed to that form of evil. He sets his face vertically against it. He stiffens his neck; he buckles up his back upon it. He repels it, he will bunt it. His adversary nowise less the embodiment of justice. He has forgotten the original trespass. None of the Jesuit fathers of whom Pascal tell us, could more skillfully aim his thoughts to do the act and avoid the sin. He is intent only upon the violence that confronts him. The heads are together with a heavy thump, and he is back for another run. There is a clear twinkle of roguery in his eye as he opens it after the shock. He hopes the blow has been for the sheepy fellow’s good, and he has more of the like. Half a score of others are hit in the running and are quickly in for honor or frolic. The yard is alive with pushing and tumbling and prancing; except that a few of the more matronly and dignified of the flock are in the upper corner; looking grave, and stamping with their forward feet.

– Published in the Stark County News, Toulon, Illinois, Thursday, April 23, 1863

Agricultural Meeting

The Board of Managers of the Stark County Agricultural Society, are requested to meet at the Court House, in Toulon, on the last Saturday in April, inst., at 10 o’clock, A. M., to take into consideration the propriety of making arrangements for the annual Fair the coming fall, and to transact such other business as may come before the Board. It is desirable that every member be in attendance. Jas. Holgate, President. April 9th, 1863.

– Published in the Stark County News, Toulon, Illinois, Thursday, April 23, 1863

Culture Of Vines

For the State Register.

Upon contract with Wm. Duane Wilson, I have put up a package for each member of the Legislature, containing three Concord Grape Vines, three Houghton’s Seedling Gooseberries, three Linnaeus Pie Plants, and ten cuttings of the French Osier Willow, and offer the following suggestions as to their cultivation:

Plant the Grape eight or ten inches deep, on dry land, or if slightly rolling to the South, or Southeast, all the better as a Southern aspect will hasten the maturity of the fruit. – From the beginning, bear in mind that the grape must have thorough cultivation, and to facilitate its accomplishment, locate the vines where the plow can be used, if possible, for with it, we can cultivate the vine with as much ease as we can corn. I do not consider it indispensably necessary to the success of the fine here to have the subsoil trenched as in the region of Cin. Indeed, our soil is more porous here without any preparation more than an ordinary plowing, than the Cincinnati land is with trenching three feet deep, and the roots of our vines without any special invitation run right down. The first summer let all the vine grow without pruning, keeping the ground stirred well, till the middle of August, and the more vine you have, the more roots will be formed, and more vigorous the growth the succeeding season. In the fall cut away the vines after frost, and lay them a few inches under the earth and they will make good cuttings for the following spring, and if put cut a foot deep as early as the ground is in workable order, and the ground kept mellow and clear of weeds during the summer, they will produce good plants notwithstanding the small size of the cuttings. But you must not stop propagating yet. You must have your hundreds of grape vines and produce them yourselves, and you will find layering the best and most expeditions system of propagation after the first season, to do which, cultivate the ground very early and well in spring, which will give vigorous shoots, not more than four of which should be allowed to grow, and when they have made a growth of from two to five feet, according to vigor, pinch off the terminal bud when laterals will shoot from the vines at every leaf. When the laterals get six inches long make a trench about three inches deep, right under the trailing vine, with the corner of a hoe, into which lay the vine and peg it firm to the bottom of the trench at one or two points, according to the length of the vine. Then draw in the soil to the vine, leaving the leaf and lateral shoot out of the ground except their base of three or four inches. This operation must not be performed with the ground is wet, or roots will not be formed very abundantly. No matter how dry the soil is to layer, but if quite dry, double as many pegs will be required to keep the wind from blowing the vine out of the ground. The soil must be well worked with a hoe after the layering is performed, up to the first of September to insure good roots. After frost take the layers up carefully with a spade, and bury beyond frost to secure the young immature roots from injury. For a regular vineyard I would plant in rows six feet apart, and four feet in the rows running north and south. Never think of training the grape on a trellis – it’s too much work without offering any advantage over the single stake, except as an ornamental display. – As to the varieties of the grapes, see IOWA HOMESTEAD, wherein I will give my views and present a few facts next month. Solon Robinson and the Farmer’s club of New York shall have a notice gratis. Having occupied more space with the grape question than was intended, the other articles I must treat on briefly.

The Houghton seedling is the most valuable gooseberry throughout the United States, and is perfectly at home here. There are several sub-varieties claiming superior merit. The one sent out was introduced here by the Rev. J. A. Nash of this city, and has proved to be much more productive than the variety under that name obtained of Barry, Rochester New York. Plant six feet by four and plow the ground well. The whole secret of success in all cultivation is good tillage. – The Linnaeus pie plant is the best variety known at present. It should be planted where it may be plowed, and after the first year should have a heavy coating of manure in the fall. It is frequently destroyed the first year by being planted in highly manured land. Use no stems from the first summer till the middle of August, and then sparingly.

The Willow should be planted in good land, and well cultivated. In planting the cuttings leave only an inch or two out of the ground.

JAS. SMITH

– Published in the Daily State Register, Des Moines, Iowa, Friday, April 11, 1862

The Cultivation of Flax Seed

From a Prize Essay, by W. B. Colman, published in St. Louis, March 1862

The cultivation of Flax Seed is as simple as that of any crop we have. It requires no more labor to raise and harvest a crop of it than it does to raise and harvest a crop of oats or wheat, and it is less exhausting to the soil than a crop of wheat. It is generally thought that flax seed should be sown on moist rich land, such as creek and river bottoms. This opinion prevails, because the straw of flax grows more luxuriantly on such lands. When flax is sown for the fibre, it should be sown on moist rich land, but the seed is always inferior. The best seed, i.e. richest in oily matter, is produced upon rather dry, rolling, and only moderately fertile soil. The stalks are shorter, branch more, and the bolls fill better. When flax is cultivated for the fibre or the fibre and seed, the seed will always be inferior in quality to that sown exclusively for the seed on dryer land, and when not sown so thick as it must be when the fiber is made an object.

A better quality of seed is also obtained in a dry season than a wet one, the seed containing a larger per cent of oil. The straw does not grow so rank, and the bolls fill with larger richer seed.

SEED FOR SOWING.

“Like begets like” no more surely in the animal than vegetable world – therefore the very best quality of seed should be obtained. As flax seed is commonly raised it is better to sow a small piece, especially for the seed to by used [in] sowing For this purpose the seed must be sown very thinly over the surface – not to exceed a peck to the acre. Each stalk will then grow vigorously, branching to the ground, and the bolls will fill with large plump seed. All foul seed should be scrupulously separated from the flax seed before sowing. The price of flax seed is materially lessened when it contains seeds of mustard, rape, cockle, &c. If these cannot be separated in any other way they must be by a flax riddle. It is bad economy to sow seed from flax raised for the fibre. The stalks are long, spindling, and light colored, and it is impossible for such stalks to produce a large plump berry.

QUANTITY OF SEED PER ACRE.

Farmers differ very much in the quantity of seed they apply to the acre, some sowing only a peck, others as much as two bushels. If the soil is put in fine condition, and the seed is sown evenly, one peck per acre is sufficient. – Where seed is the chief object, not over half a bushel in any case should be sown. By thin sowing the stock will be stronger and throw out vigorous branches, which will produce large bolls filled with plump glossy seed, containing a very large per cent of oil. By thick seeding the plants are less strong, branch but little, the sun can strike only the top of the plants, and the seeds will be smaller, lighter, and will not contain within fifteen or twenty percent the amount of oil that seed will when raised by thin sowing.

WEEDING.

Pure seed being very important, it is highly necessary to go into the field and pull out all weeds that show themselves. The wild mustard and other weeds are very easily distinguished when in bloom. With a little labor at the proper time all weeds may be taken out and the seed left clean and pure.

CLEANING THE SEED.

Being chiefly used for the manufacture of oil purchasers are particularly anxious to obtain pure plump glossy seed. Dirt, Dust, foul seed, or any extraneous matter will distract from its value. It is therefore important to take particular pains in cleaning it and preparing it for market. A prime article for flax seed is always eagerly sought and a poor article will not be bought if a supply of prime seed can be obtained.

– Published in the Burlington Daily Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Wednesday, April 9, 1862 & in the Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, April 12, 1862

Goshen Township Farmer’s Union

MINUTES OF MEETING

The second regular meeting of the Goshen Township Farmer’s Union was held Friday evening Feb. 20th pursuant to adjournment. Jacob Fall was called to the chair and Wm. Nowlan elected Sec’y. Minutes of previous meeting read and accepted.

The committee on constitution reported two drafts of constitutions together with the proposed constitution for Township Leagues, adopted by the State society at Otawa.

Report accepted and committee discharged.

The society then proceeded to the adoption of a constitution; the articles were taken up separately, discussed and adopted.

On account of extremely unfavorable weather and the consequent small attendance, it was decided to postpone the election of officers till the next meeting. Moved and carried that when we adjourn, we adjourn to meet here (school house, dist. No. 8,) two weeks from this evening at 7 o’clock. Moved and carried that the proceeding of this meeting will be furnished the STARK CO. NEWS for publication. Adjourned.

Wm. Nowlan, Secretary
JACOB FALL, Chairman

– Published in the Stark County News, Toulon, Illinois, Thursday, February 26, 1863