Monday, September 29, 2025

Senator John C. Calhoun to Andrew Pickens Calhoun, December 11, 1847

Washington 11th Dec 1847

MY DEAR ANDREW, You of course have seen the Message and the course it indicates to be pursued towards Mexico. The impression here is, that it is intended to conquor and subject the whole country. That at least will be the result if the course should be pursued; and if it should be, the end will be to hold it as a conquered Province or incorporate it in the Union.1 Either will overthrow our system of Government. It may, indeed, have a different termination, which few yet dream of; and that is, to be held by the Army and Volunteers as an independent country. Keep this to your self. I have never whispered it before to any one; but it is not an improbable result. The country is in a most critical condition. It will be hard to save it. . . .

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1 See Prof. Edward G. Bourne's article, "The United States and Mexico, 1847-1848, in the American Historical Review, April, 1900,

SOURCE: J. Franklin Jameson, Editor, Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1899, Volume II, Calhoun’s Correspondence: Fourth Annual Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, p. 741

Senator John C. Calhoun to Anna Calhoun Clemson, December 26, 1847

Washington 26th Dec 1847

MY DEAR DAUGHTER, . . . Congress, as yet, has done but little, and will not do much more, until after the 1st Jany. On the fourth of that month my resolutions,1 in reference to the Mexican war, will come up, when the discussion on that exciting and important subject will begin. The prospect is, that I shall be able to carry them. If I should, it will do much to arrest the war. If they should be defeated. We may look for the entire conquest and subjugation of Mexico. What a fearful result it will be for our country and institutions!

Already the interest in favour of its entire conquest and subjugation is exceedingly strong; and will, if not arrested by the vote of the Senate, become overwhelmingly so. Our people have undergone a great change. Their inclination is for conquest and empire, regardless of their institutions and liberty; or rather, they think they hold their liberty by a divine tenure, which no imprudence, or folly on their part, can defeat. When my resolutions were first introduced they were regarded by many as of little importance and uncalled for; but at present they are viewed in a very different light. For my part, I consider them, as among the most important I ever introduced, regarded in their practical bearing on the course of events hereafter. I only hope, I shall be able to do them full justice in what I may say. If I should, I feel much confidence, I shall be able to arrest the present headlong enthusiasm for war, which is rapidly impelling the country to its destruction.

Give my love to Mr Clemson, and the children. Kiss them, also, for their Grandfather and tell them how much I wish to see them.
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1 Works, IV, 396.

SOURCE: J. Franklin Jameson, Editor, Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1899, Volume II, Calhoun’s Correspondence: Fourth Annual Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, pp. 741-2

Friday, September 26, 2025

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Monday, December 1, 1862

Lieut. Col. Peteler, Second regiment, U. S. Sharpshooters, left this morning on furlough.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Tuesday, December 2, 1862

Snowing this morning. Warmer than it was.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9 

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Wednesday, December 3, 1862

Caught a mink and engaged two to captain for $4.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Thursday, December 4, 1862

Cold; busy tanning hides with salt and alum.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Friday, December 5, 1862

Cold; busy tanning hides. Bake and I divided muskrat skins. I got 7 1-2. I finished the skulls and gave Captain (Geo. Atkinson) his.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Saturday, December 6, 1862

I commenced making a muskrat cap. I sold my 4 mink and 2 otter traps to Wm. Norton for $5.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Sunday, December 7, 1862

I finished my cap. Norton and Jones met 10 Chippewas while trapping.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Tuesday, December 9, 1862

Warm morning.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Wednesday, December 10, 1862

We held second session of Co. Lyceum, Question: "Which is most pleasing to the eye of man Nature or Art." I took the affirmative. Decided in the affirmative.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Thursday, December 11, 1862

Very pleasant. Smith's singing school.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Friday, December 12, 1862

I went to singing school. Organized a post lyceum, Capt. Rolla Banks, president. Question for next week: "Are Mankind Advancing Toward Perfection?" Affirmative: Wright, Marsh and Buck; negative: Kinney, Paxson and Brown.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Saturday, December 13, 1862

Snowing this morning.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Monday, December 15, 1862

Lieut. Col. Peteler arrived.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 9

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Tuesday, December 16, 1862

Military school and drilling.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 10

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Wednesday, December 17, 1862

Debating society. "Is Mankind Advancing?" Affirmative, Wright, Marsh, Buck; negative, Kinney, Paxson, Brown.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 10

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Thursday, December 18, 1862

Military school.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 10

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Friday, December 19, 1862

Military school.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 10

Diary of Private Lewis C. Paxson: Saturday, December 20, 1862

General policing by all parties outside. Fine weather. Patrol dismissed. Hayes' singing school.

SOURCE: Lewis C. Paxson, Diary of Lewis C. Paxson: Stockton, N.J., 1862-1865, p. 10