We landed in New York on Sunday evening [July 12], the day
before the great draft riots there broke out. When the pilot came on board, the
news of our military success at Gettysburg was coming in, though we could not
know at what cost of life among our friends. There was just time for Aspinwall
to reach a train that would take him to his home on the North River, and so he
left me with our servant John to take care of the rather numerous trunks.
It was after sundown that the little steamer landed John and
myself on the wharf, far down the East River, among as bad-looking a lot of
roughs as I ever saw assembled. We did not know that the great riot was about
breaking out, nor luckily did the gentry around us know what a prize lay within
their grasp; but it was easy to see that the dangerous classes were out: the
police were hardly to be seen, outside of the custom-house officers, and these,
knowing something of us, readily passed our baggage without examination; and I
found myself on the wharf in the increasing darkness with my pile of trunks,
which included three containing six millions of 5-20 bonds (worth to-day [1884]
about eight millions in gold). With some difficulty I fought off, without an
absolute quarrel, the horde of persistent hackmen who claimed me as their
legitimate prey; and I was standing at bay, wondering what to do next, when I
was saluted by the mellifluous Hibernian accent of a rough-looking customer. “Here,
Mr. Forbes, take my carriage!” I looked at him without much to increase my confidence
in his wretched trap, but asked how he knew me. “And was I not in the regiment
at Port Royal when you was there?” “Take these three trunks, my good fellow,”
said I, pointing to the treasure-bearers; “and, John, you must get a cart and
bring the rest to the Brevoort.” We rattled safely over the rough, dark
streets, and I was soon glad to deposit my charge among the heaps in the old
Brevoort House entry, and then to find my wife and Alice awaiting me.
I found also that Governor Andrew was in town, and the
intercourse with the North was already cut off by the mob. We heard that night
the most exciting stories, from callers, of what was going on, and especially
from Collector Barney of the New York Custom-house, whose house was threatened.
The draft was made a pretext for the mobbing of negroes, as it was reported
that the object of the draft was to free their race; and so the Irish were
called upon to kill all Africans. It was said that about fifteen hundred
persons were killed during the skirmishes of those two days.
For safety we dispatched Alice early Monday morning to
Staten Island to our cousin, Frank Shaw,1 where, as he was a
well-known abolitionist, she found herself out of the frying-pan into the fire;
but good George Ward took her and all the Shaws into his house, and no harm
came to them.
Captain Anthony and his family were at the Fifth Avenue
Hotel on their way to Europe, and he saw a great deal more of actual violence
than we did. The house was threatened, and many of the guests and servants
deserted it, but the captain stuck to his guns and helped to allay the panic.
We discussed with Governor Andrew the expediency of bringing
Colonel N. P. Hallowell's 55th Regiment of Colored Troops, just leaving Boston
on its way South, into New York, but decided that the experiment was too
dangerous a one. The different method pursued in managing the riot at this time
in Boston would be a good lesson for the future. Governor Andrew put into all
the armories, and places like the Spencer Rifle Company's factory, where arms
were made, a sufficient force to protect them, and only one was attacked by the
mob. This was at the North End, and was garrisoned by a company of artillerymen
under Colonel Stephen Cabot, brought up from the fort. He loaded his guns, and
made arrangements by cutting slits in the windows to defend them, and then
tried to persuade the mob to disperse. Brickbats drove him back into the
armory, and they then began to batter down the doors. He waited till there was
some danger of their giving way, and then fired through the doors with his
cannon into the mob, as well as through the windows with musketry. It is said
there were thirty men killed. However that may be, his prompt action put an end
to all further disturbances, and this was the only real outbreak in
Massachusetts. These riots were no doubt instigated by Southern conspirators
for the purpose of rousing up the Irish element in opposition to the draft
which was going on; and their attacks upon negroes were wholly in consequence
of their well-known jealousy against negro labor. With the great foreign
population of Boston once roused, the consequences might have been quite as bad
as they were in New York.
_______________
1 Francis George Shaw, the father of Col. Robert
G. Shaw. —Ed.
SOURCE: Sarah Forbes Hughes, Letters and
Recollections of John Murray Forbes, Volume 2, p. 48-51