Thursday, October 18, 2012

From Gen. Curtis’ Column

(Correspondence of the Democrat.)

CROSS TIMBERS, Ark., March 20. – Supplies, forage and provisions, having become exhausted in the region about Sugar Creek, the army made a retrograde movement march of thirteen miles yesterday to this place.  The enemy are recuperating and are probably being reinforced by the fresh troops.  We have information that a large body reached Boston mountains with the intention of attacking us again, but this may be only a strong reconnoitering party.  Our troops are in fine spirits and anxious to again grapple with the foe.  The wounded have mostly been removed to Cassville, and are doing well.

Col. Clay Taylor arrived from the rebel camp bringing Lieut. Cols. Herron and Chambers with a proposition for an exchange of two rebel captains and seventeen privates captured yesterday on Indian Creek.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, March 29, 1862, p. 3

William H. Stevens

W. H. STEVENS, an enterprising and successful farmer and stock-raiser of Green Bay Township, residing on section 36, is a native of Maine, born near Bangor, his parents, William and Cynthia (Oaks) Stevens, being natives of the same State. They had a family of ten children – Eunice, William, Lucy, Frances, Cynthia, Nancy, Lorenzo, Augustus, John F. and William H., our subject, who was the youngest child. When about four years of age he was taken by his parents to Philadelphia, they residing there three years, and in 1840 the family removed to Meigs County, Ohio, where our subject was reared to manhood. His early life was passed on a farm, and his education was received at the public schools.  He was united in marriage September 28, 1858, to Miss Martha Hogue, who was born and reared in Meigs County, Ohio, a daughter of James and Christina (Patterson) Hogue. Her parents were natives of Scotland, being born near Edinburgh. They reared a family of seven children – William, Alexander, Margaret, James, Jane, John and Martha. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have three sons – Harvey E., Delmont D. and James F.  During the late war Mr. Stevens enlisted in Company D, Fifteenth Ohio National Guards, the date of his enlistment being June 16, 1863. He participated in the raid against Morgan in Ohio, and had a skirmish with that bold rebel leader. January 15, 1864, he re-enlisted in the three years’ service, in Company A, Second West Virginia Cavalry, and was at the battles of Cedar Creek and Winchester. After being in the service about eighteen months he was honorably discharged at Wheeling, West Virginia, July 4, 1865.  He then returned to Meigs County, Ohio, where he followed farming and carpentering till 1869. He then came to Green Bay township, Clarke County, Iowa, and located on his present farm, which at that time was entirely unimproved, where he is still engaged in general farming and stock-raising. His farm now contains 265 acres of as good land as can be found in the township, well improved and under high cultivation. He has a good residence, surrounded by shade and ornamental trees, and commodious farm buildings for his stock. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are consistent members of the Free-Will Baptist church. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of Jacinth Lodge, No.443, A.F. & A.M. and is one of the representative men of Clarke County.

SOURCE: Biographical and Historical Record of Clarke County, Iowa, Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1886 p. 309

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Thursday, December 26, 1861

By orders Company E boarded the cars this morning for Lookout Station farther on, about twelve miles from California. I bade my bunk-mate, James Fossett, goodby [sic] at the hospital, where he is confined with inflammatory rheumatism. His suffering is something intense, and he is unable to turn himself in bed, but I left him in the hands of a good nurse.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 26

River Opened to Davenport

DAVENPORT, Iowa, March 25. – The ice in the river broke today.  The Channel will probably be open in a day or two.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, March 29, 1862, p. 3

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Francis M. Sherer

FRANCIS M. SHERER, one of the pioneers of Clarke County, and an enterprising citizen of Ward Township, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, June 5, 1836, where he was reared till the fall of 1849. His father, John Sherer, then removed with his family to Iowa, spending the first winter at Pella, and in the following March came to Clarke County, locating four miles south of Osceola, where he entered 160 acres of land.  In the fall of 1850 he went with his family to Osceola, where he built a double log house, in which he kept an hotel, this being the only hotel in the place at that time. He ran the hotel till 1856, when he sold out and established an hotel in the north part of the town, which he kept for two years. He then removed to a farm two miles from Osceola, where he followed farming till 1861, when disposing of his farm, he returned to Osceola. In 1863 he went to California, where he met his death.  Francis M., whose name heads this sketch, received a rudimentary education in the old court-house, which is still standing on the north side of the square, remaining with his parents till arriving at maturity. During the war he enlisted for three years in Company H, Sixth Missouri Cavalry, and in 1863 he was promoted to hospital steward, serving in that capacity till his term of enlistment had expired. He received an honorable discharge, being mustered out in April, 1865.  He then returned to Clarke County, and for the two years following he was employed in clerking for E. Rankin. In 1866 he engaged in the furniture business, and in 1867 became engaged in the insurance business, acting as agent for several reliable Eastern companies until 1872. He then removed to section 23, Ward Township, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits, devoting some attention to stock-raising. His farm, which contains 140 acres, is under a high state of cultivation, and the surroundings of the place show the owner to be a thorough, practical farmer.  Mr. Sherer has been twice married, his first marriage taking place in 1870, to Barbara Switzer, who died leaving four small children – Theodore M., born October 21, 1871; Belle A., born April 19, 1873; Henry F., born June 20, 1875, and John S., born November 25, 1876. Mr. Sherer was again married in 1878, to Mrs. Emma P. (Neikirke) Johnson, who was born in Seneca County, Ohio, in 1841. This union has been blessed with three children – Mabel L., born August 11, 1880; David A., born May 14, 1883, and George N. born August 23, 1885. Mr. Sherer is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

SOURCE: Biographical and Historical Record of Clarke County, Iowa, Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1886 p. 342-3

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Wednesday, December 25, 1861

This is a beautiful day, the snow having nearly all disappeared. The boys had a fine time today, this being our first Christmas experience in the army. There was no roast turkey with cranberry sauce and we all missed mother’s mince pies, cake and doughnuts. But we bought some pies and cakes of the citizens here, which with our regular army rations made a good dinner and something like a square meal. In the evening some of us boys went to the tavern to get our suppers, costing twenty-five cents apiece, and we had hot biscuit and honey in the bargain.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 26

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

John A. McDowell Headquarters Monument: Ben Howell Field, Shiloh National Military Park



U. S.

* * *

HEADQUARTERS, 1ST BRIGADE
5TH DIVISION,
ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

COL. JOHN A. McDOWELL,
6TH IOWA,
COMMANDING

* * * * *

ESTABLISHED MARCH 19TH
1862


See Also:

Official Reports of the Battle Of Shiloh: No. 67 - Capt. John Williams, 6th Iowa Infantry

No. 67.

Report of Capt. John Williams, Sixth Iowa Infantry.


HEADQUARTERS SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY,
Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 10, 1862.

COLONEL. Having assumed command of the regiment by your order, I have the honor to make the following official report of the Sixth Iowa Infantry during the recent engagement:

On Sunday morning, when the attack was made on General Grant's center, the regiment was immediately brought into line of battle, and was then moved about 50 yards to the front along the edge of the woods. Company I was thrown out as skirmishers, and Companies E and G were moved to the left and front of our line to support a battery just placed there. We were in this position for more than two hours, when we were ordered to fall back to the rear of our camp on the Purdy road.

The battle at this time was raging fiercely in the center and extending gradually to the right. The line was slowly yielding to a vastly superior force, and it now became evident that we must change our position or be entirely cut off from the rest of the army. The regiment then marched by the left flank about 600 yards; crossed an open field about 150 yards wide; took a position in the edge of the woods, and formed a new line of battle, which was again succeeded by another line nearly perpendicular to the former, the right resting close to the Purdy road.

It was here Lieutenants Halliday and Grimes were wounded and carried from the field, thus preventing them from distinguishing themselves, as they undoubtedly would have done had they been spared to take part in the desperate and severe struggle that soon ensued. It was here that Companies D and K, on picket duty at Owl Creek, joined the regiment by a circuitous route, the enemy having already got between them and the regiment.

The regiment did not remain here long, however, but moved by the left flank in an easterly direction about half a mile, over a broken and open field, and again entered the woods. A new line was formed, and the regiment moved forward to meet the advancing foe. The line of battle –at this time diagonal to the enemy's – was immediately changed to front them, and it was here that the regiment withstood a shower of leaden hail and bullets which now was pouring in upon it with deadly effect. Notwithstanding a vastly superior force and with no support, the regiment gallantly maintained this position for more than two hours, and when it became apparent that no succor was coming to it, and after the enemy had already turned our right flank and began pouring a galling cross-fire upon it, the regiment was ordered to retire. It fell back in good order and was assigned to the support of batteries near the river. At this stage of the battle I was wounded and carried from the field. From authentic sources I learn, however, that the regiment, under Captain Walden, remained at the batteries all night.

The next day the regiment was not formed as a regiment, but a detachment, under Lieutenants Minton and Allison, was connected to an Illinois regiment, and the major portion, under Captain Walden, voluntarily joined Colonel Garfield's command, and participated in the engagement throughout the day until the enemy fled in great confusion.

In regard to the bravery, coolness, and intrepidity of both officers and men too much cannot be said. Where all did so well to particularize would seem invidious; suffice it to say the officers, with one or two exceptions, are deserving the highest praise. The men were at all times cool and as free from fear or confusion as if they were on dress-parade.

The list of casualties, which I append below, fully attests the severity of the contest.

The following is the number of killed, wounded, and missing in the two days’ engagement :*

Killed
64
Wounded
100
Missing
  47
Total
211

Total number engaged less than 650.

I have the honor to be, yours, respectfully,

 JOHN WILLIAMS,
 Captain, Commanding Regiment.

SOURCE: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume X (Serial No. 10), Part I, pages 256-7

Abisha Sanders

ABISHA SANDERS, farmer and stock raiser, living on section 5, Knox township, was born in Perry County, Ohio, April 2, 1848, a son of Jesse and Epsey (Battin) Sanders, the father being a native of Georgia, and the mother born in Columbiana County, Ohio. They were the parents of nine children – Benjamin, Matilda, Simeon, Myrom, Clarinda, Jesse, John, Sarah and Abisha. Abisha spent his youth on a farm, his education being obtained in the common schools.  He enlisted in the defense of his country at the early age of fifteen years, he being one of the youngest soldiers in the company. He joined Company B, Tenth Ohio Cavalry, in February, 1863, and participated in many engagements, and was with Sherman in his grand march to the sea.  He was in General Kilpatrick’s command. He was honorably discharged at Cleveland, Ohio, in August 1865, when he returned to his home in Perry County, Ohio.  October 21, 1868, he was married to Phebe Travis, of Perry County, and they have eleven children living – Matilda, Albert S., Stella A., Effie Alice, Carrie Irena, Ora Centennial, Orle F., Vernon P., Charlotte, Lora Blaine, and an infant unnamed. Mr. Sanders has been a resident of Clarke County, Iowa, since the spring of 1878, when he located on his present farm in Knox Township. His farm contains 200 acres of as good land as can be found in Clarke County, and is all under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Sanders is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, belonging to Post No. 189.  In politics he is a Republican.

SOURCE: Biographical and Historical Record of Clarke County, Iowa, Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1886 p. 294

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Tuesday, December 24, 1861

We raised a flag pole today and ran up the Stars and Stripes high in the air, amidst cheering and singing the old song, “Columbia.”

“Long may it wave,
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!”

This afternoon we went over town and compelled all the secessionists to take the oath. Quite a number of the boys are sick with bad colds, the result of the hard exposure coming up on the stock cars the other night.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 26

Monday, October 15, 2012

Official Reports of the Battle of Shiloh: No. 66 – Col. John A. McDowell, 6th Iowa Infantry, Commanding the 1st Brigade, 5th Division, Army of the Tennessee

No. 66.

Report of Col. John A. McDowell, Sixth Iowa Infantry, commanding First Brigade. 

HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, FIFTH DIVISION,
Camp, Shiloh, Tenn., April 9, 1862.

At the first alarm of the enemy's attack, Sunday, the 6th, the line of the First Brigade was formed, as per previous orders, to hold the Purdy road and the right front. Two companies of the Sixth Iowa were detached to defend the bridge crossing Owl Creek and one of the 12-pounder howitzers of the Morton Battery placed to command the crossing on the hill at the right of our encampment. About 8 o'clock the line was thrown forward to the brow of the hill, and the remaining guns of the Morton battery brought up to command the several openings to the front, and from this position several shots were fired on the enemy's masses, not then formed into line, and the Fortieth Illinois Infantry were ordered forward and to the left to support the right of the Fourth Brigade, in which position they became warmly engaged, when the order came to fall back to the Purdy road. This was accomplished with difficulty, from the extended front of our line, at that time three-quarters of a mile in length, on and over a broken and wooded surface, and at the time when the only passable (the main) road was filled by the teams of the brigade. Yet the change of position and front was just accomplished when the order to send the battery to the center was received. The five guns were immediately dispatched. The other, from the position of guarding the bridge, not coming up in time, remained with the brigade, as the passage by the road had in the mean time been cut off.

In this position and front a few rounds were exchanged, and the skirmishers were again thrown forward. When it was known that we were cut off from the center by the enemy in force on the center and across the road and by a large force in the old field on our left and their cavalry to the left and rear, the howitzer was placed on our left front under cover, and the enemy driven from the field by a few discharges of canister. Soon after, at about 10 o’clock, Major Sanger brought the order to move to the center and rear. This was accomplished as soon as possible under the annoyance of the enemy's skirmishers. Here our front was again changed to the former front of the general line of engagement.

By the general’s order the Fortieth Illinois was advanced to support of the batteries in the center, and the opening filled by the Sixth Iowa, being flanked from its position on the right to the center, leaving the Forty-sixth Ohio on the right and a little to the rear. These dispositions remained unchanged for a period of nearly two hours, when, at about 12.30 o’clock, the enemy, finding no opposition on the right, brought a large force to our right and fronting our flank, causing us to suffer a cross-fire from superior numbers both on the front and flank. It was here that the brigade suffered its greatest loss.

In passing to the right through the thicket and crossing the ravine I was thrown from my horse and severely shocked, and was at that time moving to have the Forty-sixth fall back behind the crest, when Colonel Worthington changed front and gave the enemy the first fire. The Fortieth had gone forward against the enemy's battery so far as to become entirely separated from the rest of the command. At a little past 1 o’clock the Forty-sixth were ordered to retreat, and lost in this retreat 14 killed and a large proportion of their wounded. The Sixth fell back with less loss.

Afterwards, during the day and the day following, different portions of each regiment were attached to other commands, and of the Sixth Iowa and Fortieth Illinois these fragments were detained with Colonel Garfield and General Nelson, by the order of the general commanding, until Tuesday and Wednesday respectively.

The behavior of my men and of their officers, almost without exception, was creditable, and of this I shall in another manner properly notice.

Respectfully,

 JNO. ADAIR McDOWELL,
 Colonel Sixth Iowa, Commanding First Brigade.

SOURCE: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume X (Serial No. 10), Part I, pages 254-5

Andrew J. Ronk

ANDREW J. RONK, farmer and stock-raiser, section 11, Madison Township, was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, August 24, 1842. His father, George W. Ronk, was a native of the same State, born in Roanoke County, but is now deceased. He being a farmer, our subject was reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving such education as the rude log-cabin subscription schools of his neighborhood afforded.  In 1861 he went to Canton, Fulton County, Illinois, where he remained about eight years, working at coopering, wagon-making and carpentering. He was a member of the State militia during the John Brown raid in 1861, and was sent into the Confederate army, but after serving four months he deserted, and joined the Union troops in Illinois, enlisting in the Sixty-seventh Infantry, Company F, and was appointed Orderly Sergeant.  March 10, 1864, he was married to Rachel Briley, and to them have been born eight children – George W., Edith M., Daisy G., John A., Cecil H., Ora B., Olive U. and Amy P.  Mr. Ronk came to Clarke County, Iowa, in the fall of 1870, and has since made his home on section 11, Madison Township, where he has 183 acres of fine land. In politics he is a Democrat, taking an active interest in that political party, and June 30, 1886, he attended the State Nominating Convention held at Des Moines. Mr. Ronk never seeks official honors, but has served his township several terms as trustee, with credit to himself and his constituents. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity

SOURCE: Biographical and Historical Record of Clarke County, Iowa, Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1886 p. 294

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Monday, December 23, 1861

We arrived at California about sunup, almost frozen; it cleared off during the night and a cold northwest wind was blowing. Leaving the train we entered the several churches in town and built fires to warm by, Company E going into a Catholic church, where the sexton and his wife brought us some hot coffee. We then put into winter quarters, occupying vacant houses and storerooms and made all the “secesh” skedaddle. The companies in quarters here are B, E, G, K and H, under command of Lieut. Col. William Hall. We just learned why it was that we were rushed up here last night. It had been reported at Jefferson City that a train with “secesh” prisoners was to pass through this place today, bound for St. Louis, and that their sympathizers in this locality were planning a raid on the train to liberate the prisoners.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 25-6

Sunday, October 14, 2012

Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, September 3, 1861

Cairo, Illinois
September 3, 1861.

YOUR very kind letter was received at Jefferson City, and would have been answered at once but for the remark that you were about to start for New York city and would not receive it for some days. I should be most pleased to have you pay me the visit here, or wherever I may be, that you spoke of paying me there.

In regard to the appointment of Mr. Rawlins,1 I never had an idea of withdrawing it so long as he felt disposed to accept, no matter how long his absence. Mr. Rawlins was the first one I decided upon for a place with me, and I very much regret that family affliction has kept him away so long. The past would have been a good school of instruction for him in his new duties; the future bids fair to try the backbone of our volunteers. I have been kept actively moving from one command to another, more so perhaps than any other officer. So long as I am of service to the cause of our country I do not object, however.

General Fremont has seen fit to intrust me with an important command here, my command embracing all the troops in southeast Missouri and at this place. A little difficulty of an unpleasant nature has occurred between General Prentiss and myself relative to rank, he refusing to obey my orders; but it is to be hoped that he will see his error, and not sacrifice the interest of the cause to his ambition to be senior brigadier general of Illinois, as he contends he is.

In conclusion, Mr. Washburne, allow me to thank you for the part you have taken in giving me my present position. I think I see your hand in it, and admit that I had no personal claims for your kind office in the matter. I can assure you, however, my whole heart is in the cause which we are fighting for, and I pledge myself that, if equal to the task before me, you shall never have cause to regret the part you have taken.
__________

1 John A. Rawlins (1831-1869), joined General Grant's staff in August, 1861, and served with him to the close of the rebellion. He became Secretary of War in March, 1869. Grant was greatly attached to him, and deeply mourned his death.

SOURCE: James Grant Wilson, Editor, General Grant’s Letters to a Friend 1861-1880, p. 1-2 & 111

Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, January 23, 1862

Head-Quarters District of Cairo,
Cairo, January 23, 1862.

THE bearer, Captain A. S. Baxter,2 who goes to Washington by my order, in hopes of doing something for the relief of this much distressed portion of our Army, is at present my District Quartermaster. I am at last satisfied that I have an efficient and faithful servant of the Government in Captain Baxter, and anything that you can do to further the object of his mission will not only be regarded as a personal favor to myself, but will serve to advance the cause you and I both have so much at heart. Captain Baxter can tell you of the great abuses in his Department here and the efforts I have put forth to correct them, and consequently the number of secret enemies necessarily made. I am desirous of retaining Captain Baxter in his present position, and if promotion to a higher grade is necessary to enable me to do so, I would very much desire that the promotion be given.
__________

2 While the world was honoring General Grant on the seventy-fifth anniversary of his birth, Algernon Sidney Baxter (1819-1897), one of the earliest members of his staff, was dying. He was a son of the Chief Justice of Vermont, and at the age of seventeen went to Boston, the Mecca of most New England boys. When the war began he was a merchant in St. Louis, where he became acquainted with Grant. He immediately abandoned business for the army, serving on the General’s staff at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, with the rank of captain. At Shiloh, Baxter carried to General Lew Wallace that celebrated dispatch which has caused so much dispute. Grant, in his “Personal Memoirs,” says: “Captain Baxter, a quartermaster on my staff, was accordingly directed to go back and order General Wallace to march immediately to Pittsburg by the road nearest the river. Captain Baxter made a memorandum of this order. . . . General Wallace has since claimed that the order delivered to him by the captain was simply to join the right of the army.”  Baxter’s condition of health compelled him soon after to leave the service, when he entered Wall Street, pursuing a successful career in the great metropolis, where he died at the age of seventy-eight. He was the last survivor of those who served on Grant's staff in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh.

SOURCE: James Grant Wilson, Editor, General Grant’s Letters to a Friend 1861-1880, p. 3 & 111-2

Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, February 21, 1862

Fort Donelson, Tennessee,
February 21, 1862.

SINCE receiving your letter at Fort Henry events have transpired so rapidly that I have scarcely had time to write a private letter. That portion of your letter which required immediate attention was replied to as soon as your letter was read. I mean that I telegraphed Colonel C. C. Washburn,3 Milwaukee, Wis., asking him to accept a place on my staff. As he has not yet arrived, I fear my dispatch was not received. Will you be kind enough to say to him that such a dispatch was sent, and that I will be most happy to publish the order the moment he arrives, assigning him the position you ask.

On the 13th, 14th, and 15th our volunteers fought a battle that would figure well with many of those fought in Europe, where large standing armies are maintained. I feel very grateful to you for having placed me in the position to have had the honor of commanding such an army and at such a time. I only trust that I have not nor will not disappoint you. The effect upon the community here is very marked since the battle. Defeat, disastrous defeat, is admitted. Yesterday I went to Clarkesville4 with a small escort, two of our gunboats having preceded me. Our forces now occupy that place, and will take possession of a large amount of commissary stores, ammunition, and some artillery. The road to Nashville is now clear, but whether my destination will be there or farther west can't yet be told. I want to move early, and no doubt will.

__________

3 Cadwallader Colden Washburn (1818-1882), colonel Second Wisconsin Cavalry, October 10, 1861; brigadier general, July 16, 1862; and major general, November 29, 1862. After the Civil War he was elected to Congress and in 1872, became Governor of Wisconsin. Later he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. His brother, also a Congressman, wrote the family name with a final "e," but in no instance within the editor's knowledge did Grant ever add that letter when writing to Mr. Washburne

4 Suit was brought after the war for about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars by the owners of whiskey in Clarkesville, destroyed as a matter of precaution by a chosen committee, to prevent its falling into the hands of the victorious Northern army, said to be advancing on the town, — its commander being reported as intoxicated, and utterly unable to control his troops. The owners brought suit in 1865 against the members of the committee, consisting of the wealthiest citizens of the town. At the first trial the jury disagreed as to whether Grant was drunk or sober, the decision in the case turning on that point; in the second the verdict was that the commander was intoxicated, and on the third trial that he was perfectly sober, so that the committee finally lost their case and were compelled to pay, but not the full value of the whiskey, as the parties compromised the case, receiving about twenty per cent. of its value. This statement was received in August, 1897, by the writer, from a United States District Judge of Tennessee, who was one of the counsel employed in the curious case.

SOURCE: James Grant Wilson, Editor, General Grant’s Letters to a Friend 1861-1880, p. 4-5 & 112-3

Major General Ulysses S. Grant to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, March 22, 1862

Savannah, Tennessee,
March 22, 1862.

I HAVE received two or three letters from you which I have not answered, because at the time they were received I was unwell and busy, and either your brother or Rowley were about writing. I am now getting nearly well and ready for any emergency that may arise. A severe contest may be looked for in this quarter before many weeks, but of the result feel no alarm.

There are some things which I wish to say to you in my own vindication, not that I care one straw for what is said individually, but because you have taken so much interest in my welfare that I think you are fairly entitled to all facts connected with my acts.

I see by the papers that I am charged with giving up a certain number of slaves captured at Fort Donelson. My published order on the occasion shows that citizens were not permitted to pass through our camps to look for their slaves. There were some six or seven negroes at Donelson, who represented that they had been brought from Kentucky to work for officers, and had been kept a number of months without receiving pay. They expressed great anxiety to get back to their families, and protested that they were free men. These I let go, and none others. I have studiously tried to prevent the running off of negroes from all outside places, as I have tried to prevent all other marauding and plundering.

So long as I hold a commission in the army I have no views of my own to carry out. Whatever may be the orders of my superiors and law I will execute. No man can be efficient as a commander who sets his own notions above law and those whom he has sworn to obey. When Congress enacts anything too odious for me to execute, I will resign.

I see the credit of attacking the enemy by the way of the Tennessee and Cumberland is variously attributed. It is little to talk about it being the great wisdom of any general that first brought forth this plan of attack. Our gunboats were running up the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers all fall and winter watching the progress of the rebels on these works. General Halleck no doubt thought of this route long ago, and I am sure I did. As to how the battles should be fought, both McClellan and Halleck are too much of soldiers to suppose that they can plan how that should be done at a distance. This would presuppose that the enemy would make just the moves laid down for them. It would be a game of chess, the right hand against the left, determining beforehand that the right should win. The job being an important one, neither of the above generals would have intrusted it to an officer whom they had not confidence in. So far I was highly complimented by both.

After getting into Donelson General Halleck did not hear from me for near two weeks. It was about the same time before I heard from him. I was writing every day, and sometimes as often as three times a day. Reported every move and change, the condition of my troops, etc. Not getting these, General Halleck very justly became dissatisfied, and was, as I have since learned, sending me daily reprimands. Not receiving them, they lost their sting. When one did reach me, not seeing the justice of it, I retorted, and asked to be relieved. Three telegrams passed in this way, each time ending by my requesting to be relieved. All is now understood, however, and I feel assured that General Halleck is fully satisfied. In fact, he wrote me a letter saying that I could not be relieved, and otherwise quite complimentary.

I will not tire you with a longer letter, but assure you again that you shall not be disappointed  in me if it is in my power to prevent it.

SOURCE: James Grant Wilson, Editor, General Grant’s Letters to a Friend 1861-1880, p. 6-9

Major General Ulysses S. Grant to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne, May 14, 1862

Camp near Corinth, Mississippi,
May 14, 1862.

THE great number of attacks made upon me by the press of the country is my apology for not writing to you oftener, not desiring to give any contradiction to them myself. You have interested yourself so much as my friend that should I say anything it would probably be made use of in my behalf. I would scorn being my own defender against such attacks except through the record which has been kept of all my official acts, and which can be examined at Washington at any time. To say that I have not been distressed at these attacks upon me would be false, for I have a father, mother, wife, and children who read them, and are distressed by them, and I necessarily share with them in it. Then, too, all subject to my orders read these charges, and it is calculated to weaken their confidence in me and weaken my ability to render efficient service in our present cause.5 One thing I will assure you of, however, – I can not be driven from rendering the best service within my ability to suppress the present rebellion, and, when it is over, retiring to the same quiet it, the rebellion, found me enjoying.  Notoriety has no charms for me, and could I render the same services that I hope it has been my fortune to render our just cause without being known in the matter, it would be infinitely preferable to me.

Those people who expect a field of battle to be maintained for a whole day with about thirty thousand troops, most of them entirely raw, against fifty thousand, as was the case at Pittsburg Landing while waiting for re-enforcements to come up, without loss of life, know little of war. To have left the field of Pittsburg for the enemy to occupy until our force was sufficient to have gained a bloodless victory would have been to leave the Tennessee to become a second Potomac. There was nothing left for me but to occupy the west bank of the Tennessee and to hold it at all hazards. It would have set this war back six months to have failed, and would have caused the necessity of raising, as it were, a new army.  Looking back at the past, I can not see for the life of me any important point that could be corrected. Many persons who have visited the different fields of battle may have gone away displeased because they were not permitted to carry off horses, fire arms, or other valuables as trophies. But they are no patriots who would base their enmity on such grounds. Such, I assure you, are the grounds of many bitter words that have been said against me by persons who at this day would not know me by sight, yet profess to speak from a personal acquaintance.

I am sorry to write such a letter, infinitely sorry that there should be grounds for it. My own justification does not demand it, but you are entitled to know my feelings. As a friend I would be pleased to give you a record weekly at furthest of all that transpires in that portion of the army that I am or may be connected with, but not to make public use of. . . .
__________

5 About the same period the General says in a letter to his father: “You must not expect me to write in my own defence, nor to permit it from any one about me. I know that the feeling of the troops under my command is favorable to me, and so long as I continue to do my duty faithfully it will remain so. I require no defenders.” In his second inaugural address Grant gave expression to his sense of the injustice done to him by shameful and vindictive criticism, saying in conclusion, “Throughout the war and from my candidacy to the present office, in 1868, to the close of the last presidential campaign, I have been the subject of abuse and slander, scarcely ever equalled in political history, which to-day I feel that I can afford to disregard, in view of your verdict, which I most gratefully accept as my vindication.”

SOURCE: James Grant Wilson, Editor, General Grant’s Letters to a Friend 1861-1880, p. 10-12 & 113-4

From Washington

From the Sunday Mercury.

EDITOR T. T.:– Sunshine has at last resumed specie payment, my boy, and every man that chooses can walk under golden beams once more.  The sacred soil is drying up as rapidly as an old maid after forty-two, and boot-blacks begin to quote at high figures.  The General of the Mackerel brigade is so blissful at having a polish on his boots once more, that he puts them on the mantle-piece every time he enters a room, and treads on all the toes he can find in the street.  The latter operation, has pronounced much profanity, especially among the chaplains.

Speaking of the chaplains, reminds me of a reverend veteran who attended the soul of Captain Bob Shorty yesterday, and found it in a high state of preservation.  Captain Bob Shorty rashly over estimated his power of endurance, and undertook to read Fremont’s defence.  When he got to the twenty-first column he was seized with vertigo, and only recovered to find himself taking the measure of a bedstead, with a chaplain standing by him.

“My friend,” says the parson, “I consider it my duty to tell you that you’re a very sick man, and I take this opportunity to remind you of your latter end.”

Captain Bob Shorty scratched his head and says he:

“Am I bound of the kingdom?”

“You may recover,” says the chaplain, “but now is the time to settle your worldly affairs, if you don’t.  Think of your wife and progeny.”

“My wife!” says Captain Bob Shorty, hysterically.  “Ah, there’s a woman for you!”

“Is she a worthy help-mate?” says the chaplain.

“Why,” says Captain Bob Shorty, she’s mate and Captain both in my ship.  She’s frugal” – says Captain Bob Shorty – “she’s amiable, she’s neat, and she’s got only one fault in the world.”

“Ah!” says the chaplain “only one fault?  Then she must be an uncommon woman.”

“Yes,” says Captain Bob Shorty, dreamily, “my wife’s only got one fault in the world – she loves another chap better than she does me.”

At this juncture, my boy, the chaplain was seized with a severe cough; but as soon as he recovered he assumed a very grave expression, and says he:

“My friend let me beseech you to forget worldly things for a moment, and think of something more needful.”

“Drive on,” says Captain Bob Shorty.

The chaplain gave a grievous snuff, and says he:

“Is there not something above all created things that you feel in need of now?  Suppose my friend, that you were out at sea in a terrible storm, with the thunder roaring and the lightning flashing, and the rain falling in torrents all around you, what would you do to make yourself feel peaceful?”

“You say the rain was falling in torrents?” says Captain Bob Shorty.

“Yea verily,” says the chaplain.

“I think,” says Captain Bob Shorty, reflectively – “I think I should call for an umbrella and something hot.”

Upon hearing this beautiful answer, my boy, the chaplain buried his face in his hands.

“So should I,” he murmured – “so should I.”

“Depend upon it, my boy, there is a bond of sympathy between all men, that no difference of education or circumstances can sever; and when some nice touch of nature causes it to contract, it seldom fails to bring men together on the common platform of whisky hot.

It would afford me great pleasure, my boy, to report a great victory for our cause in Virginia, but no such result is yet visible to the eye in a state of nudity.

The gunboats to break the rebel blockade have not started up the Potomac yet, owing to a mistake by the General of the Mackerel Brigade.

Some months ago, my boy, the General gave an order to the Eastern contractor for a couple of peculiarly made gunboats for this service; but happening to pass the White House, shortly after, saw what he took to be the models of two just such gunboats protruding out of one  of the windows.  Thinking that the President had concluded to attend to the matter himself, he immediately telegraphed the contractor not to go on with the job.

Quite recently, the contractor came here again, and says he to the General:

“I’d like to see the models of those White House gunboats.”

The General conducted him toward the White House, my boy, and the two stood admiring the models, which protruded from the window as usual.

Pretty soon a Western Congressman came along, and says the contractor to him: “Can you tell me sir, whether these models of gunboats up there are on exhibition?”

“Gunboats!” says the Western chap, looking up.  “Do you take those for gunboats?”

“Of course,” says the contractor.

“Why you durned fool!” says the Congressman, “Those are the President’s boots.  The President always sits with his feet out of the window when he’s at home, and those are ends of his boots.”

Without another word, my boy, the General and the contractor turned gloomily from the spot, convinced they had witnessed the most terrific feet of the campaign.

Yours, sedately,

ORPHEUS C. KERR.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, March 29, 1862, p. 1

Another Victory in Eastern Kentucky

The Rebels under Marshall Routed at Pound Gap – Camp Equipage and Arms Captured.

(Correspondence of the Cincinnati Gazette.)

CAMP BROWNLOW, PIKETON, KY.,
March 18th, 1862.

Gen. Garfield left this camp on the 14th inst., at the head of six hundred men, detailed in about equal numbers from the 42d and 40th Ohio and 22d Kentucky regiments and McLaughlin’s Cavalry, destined for Pound Gap. – That point was reached on Sunday morning last, after a march of thirty-seven miles, performed in something less than two days.  The enemy were taken by surprise, dislodged from their stronghold, and driven routed and discomfited from the field.  The entire camp, with its equipage, consisting of numerous log huts, canvas tents, subsistence stores, wagons, and all the trappings of camp life, together with some three hundred squirrel rifles, fell into our possession.  In the absence of means of transportation, all but what the boys could carry on their backs, was submitted to the flames.  It was a brilliant victory, and the entire detachment returned this morning, without loss or damage to a man.  With many hearty congratulations for recent brilliant victories everywhere and all around the land.

– Published in The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, Burlington, Iowa, Saturday, March 29, 1862, p. 1