Hatchford. Came here
on Saturday.
Lincoln has been
elected President of the United States.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 333
Hatchford. Came here
on Saturday.
Lincoln has been
elected President of the United States.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 333
The King of Prussia1
died yesterday at Sans-Souci.
The American
Secession question now occupies public attention more than any other subject.
Mr. Motley, who is here, considers it as certain, but does not think the
Northern States will thereby lose any of their importance.
Fanny Kemble writes
to me, December 9:
'What can I tell
you, except that the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency appears to be
precipitating the feud between the Northern and Southern States to immediate
and most disastrous issues? The Cotton-growing States declare their purpose of
at once seceding from the Union—the Slave-growing States depend upon them for
their market, but depend still more upon the undisturbed security of the Union
for the possibility of raising in safety their human cattle.
‘The Northern States
seem at last inclined to let the Southern act upon their long threatened
separation from them—the country is in a frightful state of excitement from one
end to the other.
'The commercial and
financial interests of all the States are already suffering severely from the
impending crisis. It is a shame and a grief to all good men to think of the
dissolution of this, in some respects, noble and prosperous confederacy of
States. It is a horror to contemplate the fate of these insane Southerners if,
but for one day, their slaves should rise upon them, when they have
ascertained, which they will be quick enough to do, that they are no longer
sure of the co-operation of the North in coercing their servile population. In
short, there is no point of view from which the present position of this
country can be contemplated which is not full of dismay. Conceive the position
of the English in India if they had known beforehand of the murderous projected
rising of the natives against them and had been without troops, arms, means of
escape, or hope of assistance, and you have something like the present position
of the Southern planters. God knows how fervently I bless that Providence which
turned the worldly loss of my children's property, by their father's
unprincipled extravagance, into so great a gain. Their shares were sold more
than a year ago, and it will never be their fate to inflict injustice and
oppression, or tremble before impending retribution.'
_______________
1 Frederick William IV.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 339-41
Yesterday the
Emperor Napoleon opened his Parliament with one of those fine harangues we are
now become accustomed to, and which may mean anything or nothing. The upshot of
this speech is, that he will not go to war unless it happens to suit his
purpose to do so. This is enveloped in fine blarney and plausibility, but is
not calculated to remove the general distrust prevailing.
To-day the Queen
opened Parliament. It was cold and gloomy, but the crowds in the streets were
greater than I ever saw them.
The speech states
that our foreign relations are amicable, and expresses the hope that the
moderation of the Great Powers will prevent any interruption of the general
peace. There is a paragraph upon American affairs, and great concern is
expressed at the events which are so likely to affect the happiness and welfare
of a people closely allied to us by descent, and closely connected with us by
the most intimate and friendly relations. The interest felt by the Queen in the
well-being of the United States is all the greater from the kind and cordial
reception given by them to the Prince of Wales during his recent visit to the
continent of America.
These are the
salient points of the speech—a much simpler and more plain-spoken affair than
that of our dear ally.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 346-7
London.—I came here
yesterday for the levee to-day. I found a letter from Naples from Lady Holland
written before the fall of Gaeta, giving a satisfactory account of the state of
affairs there. They are beginning public works and various improvements to the
town.
From Paris they
write that the King of Naples excites the warmest interest there in all
classes, and that the army and navy are all in his favour, and he is looked
upon as ‘le digne petit fils de Henri IV.,’ and it is fervently hoped that
Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi may go together to the infernal regions—so
differently do people look on things on opposite sides of the Channel.
The Italian
Parliament was opened by Victor Emmanuel in person on Monday. His speech was
very adroit, and in
some degree reassuring to the friends of peace.
The American
Secession seems to be almost accomplished, and any compromise to be more and
more hopeless. A letter received from Fanny Kemble a short time ago (January
17) says:
I think the
secesssion of the Southern States sooner or later inevitable, and I devoutly
hope that the cowards on all sides will not be able to poultice up the
festering sore which must break out again, and will only have gangrened the
whole body of this nation still deeper. Matters have gone so far with South
Carolina, that she has seceded-firing upon United States vessels entering
Charlestown Harbour is a very pretty intimation of their animus, and it is,
moreover, the avowed object of the Southern politicians to embroil some portion
of the Slave States so thoroughly with the Federal Government, that all
compromise shall be impossible, and that the Southern States least inclined to
secede (and there are many, all the border ones, whose interest is decidedly
opposed to secession), shall be compelled, as a point of honour, to throw in
their lot with the seceders against the North. The election of Lincoln is
really and truly a mere pretext; the match that has fired the train long ago
prepared for exploding. When I first came to this country, it was convulsed
with the threatened secession of South Carolina on the tariff question. Old
Andrew Jackson was President then, and compelled her to adhere to her
allegiance; but in a letter to a friend he wrote that the South was bent upon a
separation, and sooner or later would accomplish it upon one pretext or
another; he even foretold it would be on that of the slavery question.
‘The fact is, the
Southern States see and feel very bitterly the immense preponderance of wealth,
activity, industry, intelligence, and prosperity of the North. They neither see
nor believe what is the truth, that slavery, and nothing else, is the cause of
their inferiority in all these particulars, and are now acting upon the insane
belief that separation from the bond (which alone preserves them in their
present state of comparative safety and prosperity) of the Union will turn the
scale of national importance in their favour. Meantime they are rushing into an
abyss of danger and difficulty—they are on the very verge of civil war. All
good men throughout the country look with grief and horror upon the mad career
on which they are entering. In the North, many would give up almost everything
to avert the horrors of bloodshed on the land, by the hands of Americans
fighting against each other. In the South, a majority would willingly endure
anything rather than such a result, but they are panic-stricken under a fierce
and inexorable reign of terror by which the infatuated men bent upon dividing
the country compel them to join the Southern movement. It is hideous and
piteous to see the gulf of ruin dug by their own folly and wickedness under the
towering fabric of that material prosperity with which, even as it were
yesterday, they amazed the world! For my own part, I believe it is not only
inevitable, but desirable, that the South should separate from the North.
Slave-holding produces a peculiar character which has nothing in common with a
Christian republic founded by Englishmen of the eighteenth century.
The Southerners are
fond of calling themselves the Chivalry of the South, and verily they are as
ignorant, insolent, barbarous, and brutal as any ironclad robbers of the middle
ages. They are, in fact, a remnant of feudalism and barbarism, maintaining
itself with infinite difficulty by the side of the talent and most powerful
development of commercial civilisation. I believe the fellowship to be
henceforth impossible; I hope to God it will prove so, for then the Slave
States will hasten down into a state of social and political degradation, such
that the whole population will abandon them; they will become a wilderness of
fertile land, peopled with black savages; the northern men will then reconquer
them, and for ever abolish slavery on the continent! This is my theory.'
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 350-3
In a letter I
received a few days ago from Fanny Kemble from New York, she says: I suppose if
I had been in Boston, I should have heard something like sorrow and
mortification expressed for the present disastrous state of the country, but
though there is a good deal of excited curiosity here, and commencement of
financial anxiety, there does not appear to me to be one particle of genuine
patriotic feeling.
The fact is, the
material prosperity of the nation has made the people base. They want, and God
will send it to them, the salvation of adversity. Olmsted, whose books, by the
bye, are the best, the only good authority about the Slave States, dined with
me at Mr. Field's the other day, and said the Southern people were really
nothing but a collection of children and savages. He, and indeed everybody, the
Southerners themselves, consider the secession, if it produces civil war, as
the inevitable ruin of the South, and a good deal of the same conviction has
hitherto tempered the anger of the North at the folly of their suicidal
proceedings, and though one of the oldest and wealthiest of the Boston
merchants said the other day (speaking of the Cotton States), "Thank God
they are gone, pray that they may never come back," and so speaking spoke
the mind of the majority of Massachusetts men, nobody can doubt what one of the
Southern men openly declared in the Peace Convention, that civil war would be
utter ruin to them, because of their slaves.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 364-5
There was an
interesting debate last night in the House of Lords, brought on by Lord
Ellenborough, on the Roman question, in which Clarendon and Lord Derby also
took part. He asked whether our Government was engaged in any correspondence
with the object of reconciling the spiritual independence of the See of Rome
with the exercise of temporal sovereignty by the King of Italy within the Roman
territory. He thought Rome was the fitting capital of a united Italy, and that
the occupation by the French of that city precluded that unity. He then
discussed the Venetian question, and though he admitted the right of Austria to
maintain herself in Italy, by virtue of the Congress of Vienna, he considered
the time was come when she should reconcile herself with the Italian people.
Holding these views, however, he deprecated the interference of the Italians in
Hungary. Lord Wodehouse replied that we were not in any correspondence on the
Roman question, and that Her Majesty's Government considered it was neither
becoming nor desirable for a Protestant country to take the initiative in the
matter. The whole question depended upon the withdrawal of the French troops
from Rome, and Her Majesty's Government had not disguised their opinion that it
was desirable those troops should be withdrawn.
Clarendon thought
Rome the proper capital, and believed the Emperor Napoleon to be sincerely
desirous of withdrawing his troops whenever it would be safe for him to do
so-both as regarded the Pope and his own position in France, where popular
opinion was in favour of their remaining. Derby said much the same thing, but
expressed his opinion that it would have been far better to establish a
northern and southern kingdom of Italy, in which case Rome would have lain
between the two countries and the solution of the difficulty would have been
easy. As, however, there was only one kingdom, the desire to have Rome for
their capital was quite natural; but it was a desire that created the greatest
embarrassment.
Dined at Chorley's,
met Mr. Brookfield, Holman Hunt the painter, and others, who talked much of
Fechter and with great enthusiasm.
Bad news from
America-Civil War imminent.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 369-70
The American news
continues to be very bad, and all hope of a pacific solution is at an end.
SOURCE: Alice
Countess of Stratford, Leaves from the
Diary of Henry Greville: 1857-1861, p. 371