Thursday, July 3, 2014

Robert Gould Shaw to Susanna Shaw, April 5, 1861

April 5.

We have very exciting news to-day from the South. It is now almost certain that Mr. Lincoln is going to reinforce the United States forts, and in that case the Southerners will surely resist. All the vessels in the navy are being got ready for sea, and several sail from here to-day. Lincoln has kept his own counsel so well hitherto, that the newspapers have not been able to get at anything, and have consequently been filled with the most contradictory rumors. But, now that almost all the important appointments have been made, and the State elections, &c. are over, it is the universal belief that something decisive is to be done.

Every other man has a different opinion as to what will be the consequences. Some think it will drive all the Border States into the Southern Confederacy, and that we shall all be ruined; and others say it will encourage the Union party in the South to make itself heard. For my part, I want to see the Southern States either brought back by force or else recognized as independent; and, as Lincoln cannot do as he likes, but must abide by the Constitution, I don't see what he can do but collect the revenue and retake, by force of arms, the United States property which they have stolen. As for making concessions, it is only patching the affair up for a year or two, when it would break out worse than ever. At any rate, we should have this same row over again at every Presidential election; and if we gave them an inch, they would be sure to want thousands of ells, as is proved by their history and ours for the last fifty years. Indeed, they would not be content with anything less than a total change of public opinion throughout the North on the subject of slavery, and that, of course, they can't have. In the mean time, they tar and feather, hang, drown, and burn our citizens who are travelling there, attending to their own business and troubling no one. I have been a disunionist for two years; but as there seems to be no way of making a peaceable separation without giving up everything, I am glad, for the credit of the country, that they will probably act now with some firmness. A great many people say they are ashamed of their country, but I feel proud that we have at last taken such a long step forward as to turn out the proslavery government which has been disgracing us so long; and they begin to grumble now about the present administration being no stronger than the last, when it has had barely one month to make thousands of appointments, put money into its empty treasury, and extricate almost every department from the infernal state of confusion in which it was left by the rascals that have been in power for the last four years.

SOURCE: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Editor, Harvard Memorial Biographies, Volume 2, p. 194-6

Major-General George G. Meade to Major-General John Sedgwick, July 6, 1863 – 2 a.m.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
July 6, 1863 2 a.m.
Major-General SEDGWICK,
Commanding Sixth Corps

GENERAL: After conversation with General Warren, I think under existing circumstances you had better push your reconnaissance, so as to ascertain, if practicable, how far the enemy has retreated, and also the character of the gap and practicability of carrying the same, in case I should determine to advance on that line.

You must be careful to watch your right and rear, as roads from Cashtown are open to the enemy to advance against you.

My cavalry sent to Cashtown have not reported, but I have reason to believe that the enemy is there in force. I beg you will keep me fully advised of what occurs, and I desire you will report at least every two or three hours.

Both the First and Third Corps are under your orders, and can be called to your support, if you require them.

I shall not move the army from its present position until I am better satisfied the enemy are evacuating the Cumberland Valley.

Respectfully, yours,
GEO. G. MEADE,
Major-General.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 126; The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 27, Part 3 (Serial No. 45), p. 554

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Thursday, September 3, 1863


The boats arrived this morning and we embarked immediately, pushing out at 10 o'clock for Vicksburg. The Eleventh and the Sixteenth Iowa were on board the "Samuel Gotz." We were crowded on the boat, and the heat of the sun was frightful. We reached Vicksburg at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and disembarking, marched to our old camp.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 140

96th Ohio Infantry

Organized at Camp Delaware, Ohio, and mustered in August 29, 1862. Ordered to Cincinnati, Ohio, September 1, thence to Covington and Newport, Ky., September 3, and duty there during threatened attack on Cincinnati by Kirby Smith. Attached to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, Dept. of Ohio, to October, 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Kentucky, to November, 1862. 1st Brigade, Right Wing 13th Army Corps (Old), Dept. of the Tennessee, to December, 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January, 1862. 1st Brigade, 10th Division, 13th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to August, 1863. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 13th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee and Army of the Gulf, to March, 1864. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 13th Army Corps, to June, 1864. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, 19th Army Corps, Dept. of the Gulf, to December, 1864. U.S. forces, mouth of White River, Reserve Corps, Military Division West Mississippi, to February, 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Reserve Corps, February, 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 13th Army Corps, Military Division West Mississippi, to July, 1865.

SERVICE. – Moved to Falmouth, Ky., October 8, 1862, thence to Nicholasville October 23. Moved to Louisville, Ky., thence to Memphis, Tenn., November 13-22. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 20, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Landed at Milliken's Bend, La., and Expedition to Dallas Station, on Vicksburg & Shreveport Railroad, and destruction of railroad and stores December 25-26, 1862. Chickasaw Bayou December 26-28. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Ark., January 3-10, 1863. Assault and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10-11. Moved to Young's Point January 17, and duty there till March 10. Expedition to Greenville, Miss., and Cypress Bend, Ark., February 14-26. Moved to Milliken's Bend, La., March 10, and duty there till April 25. Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25-30. Battle of Magnolia Hills, Port Gibson, Miss., May 1. Battle of Champion's Hill May 16. Siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4-10. Siege of Jackson July 10-17. Camp at Vicksburg till August 26. Ordered to New Orleans, La., August 26. Expedition from Carrollton to New and Amite Rivers September 24-29. At Brashear City October 3. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Grand Coteau November 3. Moved to Algiers December 13, thence embark for Texas December 18. Duty at Du Crow's Point, Texas, till March, 1864. Moved to Algiers, La., March 1-6. Red River Campaign March 10-May 22. Advance from Franklin to Alexandria March 14-26. Skirmish at Bayou de Paul, Carroll's Mills, April 8. Battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8. Monett's Bluff, Cane River Crossing, April 23. Operations about Alexandria April 26-May 13. Construction of dam at Alexandria April 30-May 10. Retreat to Morganza May 13-20. Mansura May 16. Moved to Baton Rouge May 28, and duty there till July 20. Moved to Algiers July 20, thence to Dauphin Island, Ala. Operations in Mobile Bay against Forts Gaines and Morgan August 2-23. Siege and capture of Fort Gaines August 3-8. Siege of capture of Fort Morgan August 9-23. Moved to Morganza September 1. Raid to Greenville Farms September 4. Moved to mouth of White River November 1, and duty there till February 4, 1865. Consolidated to 4 Companies November 18, 1864. Moved to Kennersville, La., February 4, 1865, thence to Mobile Point February 16. Campaign against Mobile and its defences March 17-April 13. Siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely March 26-April 8. Assault and capture of Fort Blakely April 9. Occupation of Mobile April 12. Expedition to Tombigbee River and Mcintosh Bluffs April 13-May 9. Duty at Mobile till July. Mustered out July 7, 1865.
Regiment lost during service 2 Officers and 46 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 5 Officers and 286 Enlisted men by disease. Total 339.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1539

Wednesday, July 2, 2014

Circular of Major-General George G. Meade, July 3, 1863

CIRCULAR.]
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Battle-field near Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863.

The commanding general directs that corps commanders cause all their stragglers and men absent from the ranks to be sent for and brought up. The utmost exertion is to be made by all, and every man must stand to the work.

The ordnance officers should be required to see that all the arms and equipments scattered over the field are picked up and sent to the rear in the empty ammunition wagons.

By command of Major-General Meade:
 S. WILLIAMS,
 Assistant Adjutant-General.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 103; The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 27, Part 3 (Serial No. 45), p. 503

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Wednesday, September 2, 1863

We left Bayou Mason at midnight and marched through to the river, eighteen miles, without stopping, reaching Goodrich's Landing at 7 o'clock this morning. General Stephenson planned our march so that we should pass through that terrible ten miles of hemp at night, thus avoiding the heat.1 Our brigade led in the march all the way. The day is very hot and sultry. General Logan's Division has taken the boats down the river for Vicksburg.
_______________

1 all were thankful to him for it; for, if there is such a place as hell, this piece of road is a sample of the road leading to Satan's residence. — A. G. D.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 139-40

95th Ohio Infantry

Organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in August 19, 1862. Moved to Lexington, Ky., August 20.  Attached to Cruft's Brigade, Army of Kentucky, Dept. of the Ohio. Battle of Richmond, Ky., August 29-30. Regiment mostly captured. Exchanged November 20, 1862. Reorganizing at Camp Chase, Ohio, till, March, 1863. Left State for Memphis, Tenn., March 25. Moved from Memphis, Tenn., to Young's Point, La., and Ducksport Landing March 29-April 1. Attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 15th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to December, 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Army Corps, to December, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Detachment Army of the Tennessee, Dept. of the Cumberland, to February, 1865. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Army Corps (New), Military Division West Mississippi, to August, 1865.

SERVICE. – Operations against Vicksburg, Miss., April 2-July 4. Moved to join army in rear of Vicksburg, Miss., May 2-14. Mississippi Springs May 13. Baldwyn's Ferry May 13. Jackson May 14. Siege of Vicksburg May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Expedition to Mechanicsburg May 26-June 4. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4-10. Siege of Jackson July 10-17. Camp at Big Black till November. Expedition to Canton October 14-20. Bogue Chitto Creek October 17. Ordered to Memphis, Tenn., November 12. and guard Memphis & Charleston Railroad near that city till February, 1864. Lafayette, Tenn., December 27, 1863 (Detachment). Expedition to Wyatt's, Miss., February 6-18. Coldwater Ferry February 8. Near Senatobia February 8-9. Hickahala Creek February 10. Duty at Memphis till June. Sturgis' Expedition from Memphis to Ripley April 30-May 9. Sturgis' Expedition to Guntown, Miss., June 1-13. Brice's or Tishamingo Creek, near Guntown, June 10. Davis Mills June 12. Smith's Expedition to Tupelo, Miss., July 5-21. Camargo's Cross Roads, near Harrisburg, July 13. Harrisburg, near Tupelo, July 14-15. Old Town or Tishamingo Creek July 15. Smith's Expedition to Oxford, Miss., August 1-30. Abbeville August 23. Moved to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., September 1. March through Arkansas and Missouri in pursuit of Price September 17-November 16. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., November 21-December 1. Little Harpeth December 6. Battle of Nashville December 15-16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17-28. At Eastport, Miss., till February, 1865. Moved to New Orleans, La., February 9-22, thence to Mobile Point, Ala. Campaign against Mobile, Ala., and its defences March 17-April 12. Siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely March 26-April 8. Assault and capture of Fort Blakely April 9. Occupation of Mobile April 12. March to Montgomery April 13-26. Duty there and in the Depts. of Alabama and Mississippi till August. Mustered out August 19, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 1 Officer and 58 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 215 Enlisted men by disease. Total 276.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1538-9

Tuesday, July 1, 2014

Colonel Thomas Kilby Smith to his Daughter, May 30, 1863

Walnut Hills, Near Vicksburg, Miss., May 30, 1863.
My Darling:

I have carried your last letter, 26th April, in my breast pocket close to my heart for many a day with intent to answer; it is quite yellow with the damp of rain and night dews, and what had well-nigh been bloody sweat, for it has been with me on the long marches and on the hard-fought fields. But thanks to your prayers, I am spared this glorious moonlight night to answer it.

I do not think, my dear daughter, that you read Schiller yet. Do you know you quote him almost verbatim to me? You say you think “I must be tired of war and drilling soldiers.” You might have gone on and written “the camp's stir and crowd and ceaseless larum, the neighing war-horse, the air-shattering trumpet, the unvaried, still returning, hour of duty, word of command and exercise of arms,” and then a little further —

"O! day thrice lovely! when he becomes
A fellow man among his fellow men,
The colors are unfurled, the cavalcade
Marshals, and now the buzz is hushed, and hark!
Now the soft peace march beats, home, brothers, home;
The caps and helmets are all garlanded
With green boughs, the last plundering of the fields;
The City gates fly open of themselves,
They need no longer the petard to tear them;
The ramparts are all filled with men and women;
With peaceful men and women that send onwards
Kisses and welcomings upon the air,
Which they make breezy with affectionate gestures;
From all the towers rings out the merry peal,
The joyous vespers of a bloody day.
O! happy man, O! fortunate! for whom
The well-known door, the faithful arms are open,
The faithful, tender arms with mute embracing."

Yes, daughter, most gladly would I give the “blood-stained laurel for the first violet of the leafless spring,” plucked in those quiet fields where you are wandering. You give a beautiful description of your new home. Well you may say “Alabama.” I must tell you the circumstance from which that State derived its name. According to tradition, a tribe of Indians, driven southward by the advance of civilization, after many weeks of toilsome march, one day at sunset reached a lovely country, a sanctuary, unviolated by the remorseless white man, on the banks of a broad, calmly flowing river, where their canoes might ply, as they hoped, unmolested for ages, in the skirts of a forest where the deer were sporting like tame kids. The chief struck the pole of his tent into the earth, exclaiming, “Alabama! Alabama!” (here we rest). Maybe, if I live, I shall come where you are, some day, to rest a little while, to lie still in the cool halls and have you read to me, or sing to me, bathe my furrowed brow or smooth away my sunburned hair. A little while to rest would be sweet to me, for I'm tired, very, very weary, but there are many hundreds of long miles between us and we must not be too sanguine in our hopes.

Where do you suppose I am now? Sitting in a tent, in the woods, among the tallest trees you ever saw, not very far from the fortifications of Vicksburg. All the time by night and day the cannon are pouring death and destruction upon the doomed city, yet its garrison gallantly holds out. On two successive days we tried to take it by assault, failing, because from the nature of the ground and the skill of their engineers, their works are well-nigh impregnable; and more than two thousand brave soldiers have paid the penalty of the attempt with their lives. Now we invest the city, and if reinforcements do not come to them in sufficient numbers to overpower us, we shall starve them out. Already are they reduced to one fourth rations; their soldiers have a quarter of a pound of corn meal and no meat for a day's allowance. On some parts of the fortifications water is scarce, the weather is warm, and the sun scorching. They have been obliged to drive cattle and horses outside, because they have nothing to feed them on. There are a great many women and children in the city, and these have been compelled to retire to caves and holes in the ground to protect themselves from the ceaseless falling of shot and shell. As a special favor, three hundred of these women were permitted to cross the river to De Soto, a little way from where my old camp at Young's Point was, and there they remain under guard from the soldiers, without shelter of any kind and with very little, if any, food. Many of these are highly educated and refined ladies; others of like character who were fortunate enough to be outside the city walls are mendicants to the government they affect to despise so much, and now pensioners upon its bounty for food for themselves and children. But this is only part of the horrors of war. God grant, that you, my dear daughter, may never be called upon to view such scenes as I have witnessed. He has cursed the land and let loose the demon who demands blood, tears, and death as his sacrifice. Dearest, you must always thank God that your lines are cast in pleasant places; you must remember how many and bountiful are the blessings showered upon you.

I must tell you a little anecdote of my own experience, and in order to appreciate it, you must know that the route we marched over to reach this point had already been traversed by three armies, that everything eatable, and almost all to wear, had been pillaged from the houses that lined the road, for it is the habit of the soldier to take what he wants wherever he finds it; and in hot pursuit, or quick retreat, or on the eve of impending battle, there is no one to gainsay him in his desires. Well, so it happened that I halted my brigade at Willow Springs to bivouac for the night, and at the earnest request of a lady, the wife of a physician, made their house my headquarters, for the presence of the commanding officer is guarantee of protection. I had been seated upon the porch but a short time, when a sweet little girl of perhaps seven summers brought me a rose, and as I patted her head and fondled her, for she was very pretty and interesting, she lisped out, ‘If I had only a cracker and some water I would go to bed, but I'm very hungry and I can't sleep.” “Why, my dear, haven't you had your supper?” “No, sir. I haven't had anything to eat all day, but if I just had a cracker and a little water, I could lie down.” My supply wagon hadn't come up, but there was about a biscuit of hardtack in pieces in my haversack, and this I gave the little child, who sat at my feet and ate it all with such famishing hunger. Oh! it would have made your heart bleed to see these lambs, so visited for the sins of their fathers, these suffering, innocent little ones, no food, no shelter, no shoes, scarce raiment enough to cover their nakedness, though born to affluence. How long, Oh, Lord! how long?

As we came along the road, particularly after leaving Judge Perkins's, and skirted along Lake St. Joseph, one of the most beautiful sheets of water in the world, we passed magnificent plantations, principalities; and upon each of them a palace, gorgeously furnished with mirrors and velvet carpets, sumptuous furniture and upholstery of Eastern magnificence, with all the adjuncts of garden and greenhouse, dovecote, statuary, mausoleum, and Italian marbles in richest sculpture, marking the burial place of their dead. The roadside for miles and miles was strewn with all this in mutilation, carpets and curtains, grand pianos broken in pieces, pearl and ivory keys and strings all scattered, choice paintings cut from the frames, carried a little way, then torn and scattered to the winds, fences down, gardens trampled, the year's harvest gone utterly, frightened negroes peering from behind their quarters, far down the woodland glen, the relics of the flock, bleating piteously, soon the prey of the straggling soldier, the palaces burned or reft of all the beautiful that wealth and art and science could produce, the tomb desecrated and put to vile uses, and exquisite gardens the purlieus of the camp. Yet while we sigh for and repine at all this desolation and ruin, we can but reflect that he, for whose grandeur and magnificence all this wealth has been lavished, who has subsidized the world to minister to his taste and convenience, is a fugitive, perhaps in a foreign land, certainly with a paid substitute, who for gold is willing to raise his unholy hand to tear asunder the fair fabric that guaranteed him all this opulence and luxury; and the lesson, so severe, perhaps, is needed. Yet we cannot forget it is written that offences must come, but woe be to them by whom they come.

SOURCE: Walter George Smith, Life and letters of Thomas Kilby Smith, p. 299-303

Circular of Major-General George G. Meade, July 3, 1863 – 9:15 a.m.

CIRCULAR.]
JULY 3, 1863 9.15 a.m.

The commanding general has observed that many men, when their commands are not actively engaged, have their arms and equipments off. He therefore directs that corps commanders keep their troops under arms, and in all respects equipped to move at a moment's notice.

By command of Major-General Meade:
 S. WILLIAMS,
 Assistant Adjutant-General.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 103; The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 27, Part 3 (Serial No. 45), p. 1088

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Tuesday, September 1, 1863

We lay here at Bayou Mason all day to rest. The boys are very tired after marching for twelve days, with the weather much of the time so fearfully hot. Then on account of the bad water, exposure and fatigue, a large number are sick, many of them not able to carry their accouterments, while others are too sick to walk and have to be hauled. The boys made the sweet potatoes suffer today. Received orders to start tonight at midnight and march to the Mississippi river.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 139

94th Ohio Infantry

Organized at Camp Piqua, Ohio, and mustered in August 22, 1862. Ordered to Lexington, Ky., August 28. Expedition to Yates' Ford, Kentucky River, August 30-September 3. Yates' Ford August 31. Tait's Ferry, Kentucky River, September 1. Retreat to Louisville, Ky., September 2-3. Attached to 9th Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of the Ohio, September, 1862. 9th Brigade, 3rd Division, 1st Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November, 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Center 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January, 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 14th Army Corps, to June, 1865.

SERVICE. – Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1-15, 1862. Battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8. March to Nashville, Tenn., October 16-November 7, and duty there till December 26. Advance on Murfreesboro December 26-30. Battle of Stone's River December 30-31, 1862, and January 1-3, 1863. Duty at Murfreesboro till June, Middle Tennessee or Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Hoover's Gap June 24-26. Occupation of Middle Tennessee till August 16. Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River, and Chickamauga (Ga.) Campaign August 16-September 22. Davis Cross Roads or Dug Gap September 11. Battle of Chickamauga September 19-21. Rossville Gap September 21. Siege of Chattanooga, Tenn., September 24-November 23. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23-27. Lookout Mountain November 24-25. Mission Ridge November 25. Pea Vine Valley and Graysville November 26. Ringgold Gap, Taylor's Ridge, November 27. Demonstrations on Dalton, Ga., February 22-27, 1864. Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost Gap and Rocky Faced Ridge February 23-25. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8-11. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8-9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Advance on Dallas May 18-25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Pickett's Mills May 27. Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11-14. Lost Mountain June 15-17. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River May 5-17. Buckhead, Nancy's Creek, July 18. Peach Tree Creek July 19-20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5-7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25-30. Near Red Oak August 29. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Operations against Hood in North Georgia and North Alabama September 29-November 3. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Siege of Savannah December 10-21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April, 1865. Near Rocky Mount, S.C., February 28. Taylor's Hole Creek, Averysboro, N. C., March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19-21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10-14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 20. Grand Review May 24. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 2 Officers and 52 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 144 Enlisted men by disease. Total 199.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1538

Monday, June 30, 2014

Colonel Thomas Kilby Smith to Eliza Walter Smith, May 25, 1863

Headquarters Second Brigade, Second Div.,
Fifteenth A. C,
Wa1nut Hills, Miss., May 25, 1863.

I wrote you a hurried note yesterday to give you all at home assurance of my safety. I am to-day in receipt of your letters of May [sic] 29th, enclosing one from wife advising of the death of Judge Piatt, and of May 5th, and from Helen of May 10th. I promised you yesterday full details of march and fight, and for convenience (time being precious and opportunity for writing scant), substitute diary of one of my clerks, which gives the main facts, and enclose for reference a map to accompany same, upon which route of army can be traced. At close of diary you will perceive I have been relieved from my command. I send copy of correspondence between General Sherman and myself which ensued upon reception of the order, the only explanation I have to offer. I premise the same by a copy of the order assigning General Lightburn.

I proposed to General Sherman either of three courses, to resign, to ask to be mustered out, or for leave of absence. He declines to entertain either. I have indicated my intention to refuse the command of my regiment. I am not yet ordered to duty, and so the matter stands. Before you receive this letter we shall probably have reduced Vicksburg, or have had another very bloody fight with the enemy in our rear. In the event of a battle my course will be plain; meanwhile I shall remain quiescent as circumstances will admit. Our late engagements have been very bloody, our losses heavy, the enemy must have suffered hugely in killed and wounded. I enclose a sketch of Vicksburg.

In respect to the order for consolidation of regiments, a healing order has been published by the President leaving the enforcement of the same discretionary with corps and department commanders. The generals have declined to permit it to apply to me, so I am held. My services will not be dispensed with till my body becomes useless. I have no option in the matter. Therefore you perceive I am unable to follow your advice if I would. I cannot resign. They will not muster me out. They will not grant me furlough.

Don't give yourself one moment's uneasiness about me. I am proud as the black knight with his visor down. My honor, thank God, is bright; no stain on my flag, though it is rent and torn and well-nigh riddled with balls. I will send on a copy of my official report and will write again very shortly.

The land has been devastated, desolated; the sufferings of the people, particularly the women, are terrible. Ladies in Vicksburg are now living in caves and holes in the ground to protect them from the unceasing fall of shot and shell from our guns. They disobeyed Pemberton's order and would not leave the doomed city. They could not believe we were so near at home. Their soldiers are reduced to one fourth rations.

SOURCE: Walter George Smith, Life and letters of Thomas Kilby Smith, p. 297-9

Why Is It?

Clark County has always been considered one of the healthiest localities in the state; in fact, the healthiest in the West.  In by-gone days, doctors could not make a living by the practice of medicine here; no one needed medical advice. – They had, in many cases to lay aside th[eir] pill bags and turn their attention [missing text] other direction in order to save [missing text] from want.  But how is it [missing text]ime? Do we not need [missing text] disease prevalent to a [missing text].  We hear, complaints [missing text]flicted with sore [missing text]tism – has had [missing text] another has [missing text]ced by goo[missing text] other [missing text]

– Published in The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, October 17, 1862, p. 1.  This page of the newspaper was torn diagonally from the lower left to the upper right the rest of the article is missing, and since this was a local article I am not able to reconstruct it using any other sources.

George W. White: Private, Co. C, 148th Illinois Infantry

Stones River National Cemetery
Murfreesboro, Tennessee


Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Monday, August 31, 1863


We left Heff river and marched through to Bayou Mason, eighteen miles, and stopped for the night. While marching today some of us heard the report of a rifle, and we learned that a member of the Seventh Missouri had committed suicide by shooting himself. He stepped out of rank into the brush and putting the muzzle of his gun under his chin, touched off the trigger with his toe and blew his head off. We were mustered for pay upon reaching Bayou Mason.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 139

93rd Ohio Infantry

Organized at Dayton, Ohio, and mustered in August 20, 1862. Left State for Lexington, Ky., August 23. March to relief of Nelson August 29-September 1. Retreat from Lexington to Louisville, Ky., September 1-4. Attached to Ward's Brigade, 12th Division, Army of the Ohio, September, 1862. 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, Right Wing 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January, 1863. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 20th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 4th Army Corps. Army of the Cumberland, to June, 1865.

SERVICE. – Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1-15, 1862. Battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8. March to Nashville, Tenn., October 16-November 7. Action at Kimbrough's Mills, Mill Creek and Lebanon (Antioch Church), December 6. Duty at Nashville till December 26, Advance on Murfreesboro December 26-30. Battle of Stone's River December 30-31, 1862, and January 1-3, 1863. Duty at Murfreesboro till June. Middle Tennessee or Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Liberty Gap June 24-27. Occupation of Middle Tennessee till August 16. Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga (Ga.) Campaign August 16-September 22. Battle of Chickamauga, Ga., September 19-20. Siege of Chattanooga, Tenn., September 24-November 23. Reopening Tennessee River October 26-29. Brown's Ferry October 27. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23-27. Orchard Knob November 23-24. Mission Ridge November 25. March to relief of Knoxville November 28-December 8. Operations in East Tennessee till April, 1864. Charleston, Tenn., December 28, 1863 (Detachment). Operations about Dandridge January 16-17, 1864. Dandridge January 17. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1 to September 8, 1864. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge and Dalton, Ga., May 8-13. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8-9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Adairsville May 17. Near Kingston May 18-19. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22-25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Pickett's Mills May 27. Operations about Marietta and against. Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11-14. Lost Mountain June 15-17. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5-17. Pace's Ferry July 5. Peach Tree Creek July 19-20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Flank movement on Jonesborg August 25-30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy Station September 2-6. Operations against Hood in North Georgia and North Alabama September 29-November 3. Nashville Campaign November-December. Columbia, Duck River, November 24-27. Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15-16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17-23. Moved to Huntsville, Ala., and duty there till March, 1865. Operations in East Tennessee March 15-April 22. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., and duty there till June. Mustered out June 8, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 4 Officers and 106 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 107 Enlisted men by disease. Total 217.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1537-8

Sunday, June 29, 2014

John Brown to his Children, April 14, 1854

Akron, April 14, 1854.

Dear Children, — I did not get Ruth's letter, dated on the 1st instant, until the 12th, but was very glad to hear from you then, and to learn that you found things as well as you did. In fact, God never leaves us without the most abundant cause for gratitude; and let us try and have it in habitual exercise. We have had some complaints among several of us of late, but none of us have been very unwell. We had a most comfortable settlement of last year's business with Mr. Perkins, and division of stock. I had nine of the company calves, and he sold me four of the old for one hundred dollars, which I used to have. I have two young bull calves, — one a full blood, — which I think among the best I ever saw.

SOURCE: Franklin B. Sanborn, The Life and Letters of John Brown, p. 110

Diary of Major Rutherford B. Hayes, Monday Morning, June 10-12, 1861

Monday morning, after a few hours' rest at the Goodale or Capitol House, we went over to the governor's office and learned that the governor had made up a regiment composed of companies chiefly from the extreme northern and northeastern part of the East [State], the field officers being all from Cincinnati, to be the Twenty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for the service of the United States during the war. This regiment was to be organized under General Order No. 15, issued by the adjutant-general of the United States, May 4, 1861, and was the first regiment in Ohio in which the regiment did not elect its own field officers. We feared there would be some difficulty in reconciling the men and officers to officers — strangers — not of their own selection. . . .

Several of these companies had been in camp in Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, together, and wished to remain and act together. All the captains came into the governor's office, soon after we entered, in a state of some excitement, or at least some feeling, at finding themselves placed under strangers from a distant part of the State. We were introduced to them. Colonel Rosecrans unfortunately was not present, having not yet arrived from some military service at Washington. The governor explained to Matthews and myself that the field officers of the Twenty-third were fixed, that we were the Twenty-third Regiment, and that those captains could go into it or not as they saw fit. A little acquaintance satisfied us that our captains were not disposed to be unreasonable, that their feeling was a natural one under the circumstances, and that all ill feeling would disappear if we showed the disposition and ability to perform our duties. Captain Beatty, however, would not be content. He had been a senator in the Legislature, was fifty-five or sixty years old and not disposed to go under young men.

We took a hack out to Camp Jackson,* four miles west of Columbus on the National Road. Several companies were mustered into service by Captains Simpson and Robinson the same day. Colonel E. A. King, of Dayton, was, under state authority, in command of all the soldiers, some twenty-five hundred in number, not mustered into service. As rapidly as they were mustered in, they passed under Colonel Matthews, as the ranking field officer in United States service. Luckily, Captain Beatty was not ready for the mustering officer and we succeeded in getting Captain Zimmerman's fine company in his place. Ditto Captain Howard in place of Captain Weller.

Our mustering was completed June 11 and 12. We were guests of Colonel King (for rations) at the log headquarters and slept at Platt's. Both good arrangements. Wednesday evening, 12th, we got up a large marquee, fine but not tight, and that night I had my first sleep under canvas — cool but refreshing.
__________________

* Name changed a few days later to Camp Chase.

SOURCE: Charles Richard Williams, editor, Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, Volume 2, p. 26-7

The Black Emperor and the Ice

The Pine and Palm tells a story received by letter from Hayti, [illegible]ing the Emperor Soulouque:–

“An American sea captain made the Emperor a present of a chunk of ice, which was carried to the palace wrapped in a blanket.  He was greatly pleased with it, and placed it in a room which a soldier was ordered to guard.  A few days after it was put there the Emperor remembered it, and went to show it to some of his friends.  There lay the blanket, but ice there was none.  The only evidence of its existence was a very wet floor.

“‘Where is that ice?’ he said – (as the white folks reported.)

“The soldier was ignorant – [illegible phrase].

 “‘Where is that ice?’ asked the furious monarch.

“‘Don’t know,’ said the soldier.

“‘Don’t know?  You’ve sole it!  Don’t know?  Guards, take that man and flog him until he gets that ice!’

“The poor fellow was flogged, it is said, but [t]he heat did not render [b]ack the ice.”

– Published in The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, October 17, 1862, p. 1

Major General Thomas J. Jackson to the Soldiers of the Army of the Valley and Northwest, May 12, 1862

Soldiers of the Army of the Valley and Northwest:

I congratulate you on your recent victory at McDowell. I request you to unite with me this morning in thanksgiving to Almighty God for thus having crowned your arms with success, and in praying that He will continue to lead you on from victory to victory, until our independence shall be established, and make us that people whose God is the Lord. The chaplains will hold divine service at ten o'clock a.m. this day in their respective regiments.

SOURCES: Mary Anna Jackson, Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson), p. 258; Clement A. Evans, Confederate Military History, Volume 3: Virginia, Part 1, p. 234; Owen F. Morton, A History of Highland County, Virginia, p. 131; Sarah Nicholas Randolph, The Life of Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, p. 140; Carl Hovey, Stonewall Jackson, p. 63; Thomas A. Ashby, Life of Turner Ashby, p. 162; Confederate Veteran, Volume 20 No. 5, May 1912, p. 219-20; Henry Alexander White, Stonewall Jackson, p. 141 and William Allen, History of the Campaign of Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley: From November 4, 1861 to June 17, 1862, p. 82 both of which site Robert Lewis Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson,, p. 353 as their source.

Colonel Thomas Kilby Smith to Eliza Walter Smith, May 23, 1863

Headquarters Second Brigade, Second Div.,
Fifteenth A. C.
Camp Near V-burg, Walnutt Hills in The Rear
And Before Fortifications, May 23, 1863.
My Dear Mother:

“The bugles sing truce, and the night cloud has lowered,” and I have brief season to say that I am alive and unscathed, though since Thursday last, this being Saturday at one, I have been in a slaughter pen. I have this moment come from my hospital in the rear — my first duty after putting my troops under some sort of protection from fire, such as the ravines could give, was there. God help us — a fearful, fearful sight. I have seen agony and death in all its phases, but never before have as many of my own, my own good, true, leal hearts, draining off drop by drop their best blood in mortal agony, been bared before me. One of my pet colonels is shot through, maimed for life, if life is saved at all. Captains, lieutenants, non-commissioned officers, and so many private soldiers. My official reports are not all in, but I must lose out of my own command nearly three hundred, and these my bravest and best. God! what a charge it was! Talk of Balaklava — it sinks into insignificance. And they went on horseback, while we had to work in on foot, over tangled abattis, up precipitous hills, and against ramparts bristling with cannon and rifle; the pits behind filled with soldiers ready with the hand grenade, and under a constantly enfilading fire. You have read of hurling masses of men. I wish I could write — language utterly fails me. Not now at least. You will read I suppose something of it. We have been in battle for days, but the charges, the attempts to carry the place by assault, — then was the very pitch, the culminating grand climax and fever drama of battle, only horses were wanting. My men came on so gallantly; not one to falter. I turned back to see them swept down in ranks. Their comrades rushed over the bodies of the dead. I planted two stands of colors on the outer verge; these stand upon the crest . . . just behind. Men could not scale a perpendicular wall of fifteen feet. Men could not have gone up without guns in their hands and with no enemy in front. We did all mortal man could do — but such slaughter! Our division lost six hundred and eighty the first day; yesterday probably a thousand. We shall certainly lose fifteen hundred, and of those our bravest and best. My men are so gallant. I haven't a coward in my brigade. But if you could see their ghastly wounds, the faces of the dead. I have been on many battlefields, none like this, no such slaughter in so brief a space of time; not so many of my own to mourn. I ought not to write you now; ought not to write to any one in my present frame of mind, but I have an opportunity to send. I have just unbuckled my sword, and in the unnatural calm succeeding a bloody, bloody battle, pencil to you that I am well. Tomorrow, perchance, the jest and the wine cup, maybe the grave. I hope not the hospital. Oh, that horrid, horrid, damnable hospital! Rather a thousand deaths in the glorious enthusiasm of battle than an hour's torture on that table.

We cannot take Vicksburg by assault upon the rear through these fortifications. They are masterpieces of skill in military engineering. We shall approach by parallels, sap and mine. Our other great victories before reaching here you have heard of. If I can possibly get the leisure you shall have a detailed account of my march, and engagements up to the time of forming the first line of battle before the fortifications. God has spared my life. I hope for some good purpose. I cannot understand it. I have passed through a rain of bullets. Why is it? All around me have been cut down. So many, so much more valuable lives sacrificed and mine spared. I am ripe; I could go now. Oh! if I could only have got in the devils would have fled; they can't fight in open field; it is only behind breastworks and intrenchments. God help Vicksburg now, if our soldiers do get in, I shall be deaf and blind and one city will be sacked. We wax hot; the battle is not to the strong. I am running away in rhapsody. I am well, unhurt. I stand at the head of what is left of as brave a brigade as America can boast. It is known as the “fighting brigade,” and well has it sustained its reputation. I am proud; not quite exulting in victory, though we have driven the enemy to his stronghold. We have desolated his towns and villages, and of pleasant places have made a wilderness. He has fled before us like chaff before the wind; this is enough for you all to know now. I am well, exultant, my armor on, my face to the foe; even as I write bullets whistle and shells hurtle about me. To-morrow, if it comes to me, or the next day, I will write you in detail. I am writing very hurriedly now, in the midst of much excitement, perhaps not lucidly. I am sitting among the dead and must bury my dead, no shrift or shroud, and shallow grave. I only write to let you know I am safe and well. There are brigadier-generals here, with bright, new stars upon their shoulders, but without command, who are doubtless eagerly seeking my place. Perhaps I shall be compelled to give way to some one of them; if not, before I put my sword away something may be accomplished. So much of myself. You are this night reading the papers and trembling for my fate, so I write, and of myself, to stay your grief and apprehension. I am quite well. God grant you all are well. Pray for me now. My spirit is proud and high; it goeth before destruction; I cannot subdue. God bless you all.

Your affec. Son,
Tom.

SOURCE: Walter George Smith, Life and letters of Thomas Kilby Smith, p. 295-7

Doggrel on the Dog Law

Our wise legislature, some few months ago,
When dog-flesh was plenty and finances low,
Caught the brilliant idea, since the state was “hard up”
To run the machine at the expense of the pup,
It was therefore resolved that each four-footed male
Should be taxed at the rate of a dollar a tail,
And each feminine canine three dollars or so,
That puppies might not be encouraged to grow;
And further, if any stray piece of dog meat
Without color or check should be running the street,
Any law loving person its progress might check
By cutting its tail off close up to the neck.
And various conclusions did citizens draw
As to what was the motive in making the law,
Did abundance of “curs” give the place a bad name?
Or was the “Fur Company” anxious for game?
Or was it the dog days? Or affection for sheep?
Or did lawyers like sausage, and want it cheap?
Be that as it may, the tax was assessed,
And pup stock declined as the import was pressed,
And many an owner of dogs [had] to [bleed],
And many a cur was compelled to secede;
Thus, when every source of revenue fails,
We can curtail our taxes [b]y taxing our-tails.

– Published in The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, October 17, 1862, p. 1

Major-General George G. Meade to Major-General Henry W. Halleck, July 2, 1863 – 3 p.m.

HEADQUARTERS NEAR GETTYSBURG, PA.,
July 2, 1863 3 p.m.
(Received July 3, 10.20 a.m.)
Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK,
General-in-Chief :

I have concentrated my army at this place today. The Sixth Corps is just coming in, very much worn out, having been marching since 9 p.m. last night. The army is fatigued. I have today, up to this hour, awaited the attack of the enemy, I having a strong position for defensive. I am not determined, as yet, on attacking him till his position is more developed. He has been moving on both my flanks, apparently, but it is difficult to tell exactly his movements. I have delayed attacking, to allow the Sixth Corps and parts of other corps to reach this place and to rest the men. Expecting a battle, I ordered all my trains to the rear. If not attacked, and I can get any positive information of the position of the enemy which will justify me in so doing, I shall attack. If I find it hazardous to do so, or am satisfied the enemy is endeavoring to move to my rear and interpose between me and Washington, I shall fall back to my supplies at Westminster. I will endeavor to advise you as often as possible. In the engagement yesterday the enemy concentrated more rapidly than we could, and toward evening, owing to the superiority of numbers, compelled the Eleventh and First Corps to fall back from the town to the heights this side, on which I am now posted. I feel fully the responsibility resting upon me, but will endeavor to act with caution.

 GEO. G. MEADE,
 Major-General.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 72; The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 27, Part 1 (Serial No. 43), p. 72

Hezekiah D. Martin: Captain, Co. K, 79th Illinois Infantry

Stones River National Cemetery
Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Sunday, August 30, 1863


We left Oak Ridge and covering but ten miles went into bivouac on the banks of Heff river. Some of the men on account of the bad water and climate are suffering with the chills and fever. The boys were raiding all the sweet potato patches they found along the way, today.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 139

92nd Ohio Infantry

Organized at Camp Marietta and at Gallipolis, Ohio, August-September, 1862. (Cos. "A," "B" and "C" garrison duty at Gallipolis, Ohio, September.) Ordered to Point Pleasant, Va., October 7, 1862. Attached to District of the Kanawha, W. Va., Dept. of the Ohio, to December, 1862. 2nd Brigade, Kanawha Division, W. Va., Dept. Ohio, to February, 1863. Crook's Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Dept. of the Cumberland, to June, 1863. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October, 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 14th Army Corps, to June, 1865.

SERVICE. – March to Charleston, W. Va., October 14-November 16, 1862. Duty at Camp Vinton till January 1, 1863. Moved to Tompkin's Farm and Colesworth January 1-3. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., January 7-22, and duty there till February 17. Moved to Carthage, Tenn., February 17, and duty there till June 5. Moved to Murfreesboro, Tenn.. June 5. Middle Tennessee or Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Hoover's Gap June 24-26. Tullahoma June 29-30. Occupation of Middle Tennessee till August 16. Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga (Ga.) Campaign August 16-September 22. Near Graysville September 10. Catlett's Gap September 15-18. Battle of Chickamauga September 19-21. Siege of Chattanooga, Tenn., September 24-November 23. Reopening Tennessee River October 26-29. Brown's Ferry October 27. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23-27. Orchard Knob November 23-24. Mission Ridge November 25. Pursuit to Graysville November 26-27. At Chattanooga till February 22, 1864. Demonstration on Dalton, Ga., February 22-27. Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost Gap and Rocky Faced Ridge February 23-25. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8-11. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8-9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Advance on Dallas May 18-25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Greek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11-14. Lost Mountain June 15-17. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5-17. Peach Tree Creek July 19-20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5-7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25-30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Operations against Hood in North Georgia and North Alabama September 29-November 3. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Siege of Savannah December 10-21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April, 1865. Fayetteville, N. C., March 11. Battle of Bentonville March 19-21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10-14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond,Va., April 29-May 20. Grand Review May 24. Mustered out June 19, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 4 Officers and 47 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 192 Enlisted men by disease. Total 244.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1537

Saturday, June 28, 2014

Major-General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, July 3, 1863 – 8:45 a.m.

HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
GETTYSBURG, 8.45 A. M., July 3, 1863.

All well and going on well with the Army.  We had a great fight yesterday, the enemy attacking and we completely repulsing them; both Armies Shattered.  To-day at it again, with what result remains to be seen.  Army in fine spirits and every one determined to do or die.  George and myself well.  Reynolds killed the first day.  No other of your friends or acquaintances hurt.
           
SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 103

James O. Beeson: Private, Co. G, 94th Ohio Infantry

Stones River National Cemetery
Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Saturday, August 29, 1863


We had a heavy rain during the night and the day opened cloudy and dismal. Our entire expedition started on the return journey for Vicksburg. We covered twenty-six miles and camped for the night on Oak Ridge. Some of the men had found too much of the "Southern bay rum," and imbibing quite freely, became so top-heavy on the way that they had to be hauled all day.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 139

The Emigrant's Dying Child.

Father, I'm hungered! give me bread;
Wrap close my shivering form!
Cold blows the wind around my head,
And wildly beats the storm.
Protect me from the angry sky;
I shrink beneath its wrath,
And dread this torrent rushing by,
Which intercepts our path.

Father, these California skies,
You said, were bright and bland —
Bu where, to-night, my pillow lies,
Is this the golden land?
’Tis well my little sister sleeps,
Or else she too would grieve;
But only see how still she keeps —
She has not stirred, since eve.

I'll kiss her, and perhaps she'll speak;
She'll kiss me hack, I know;
— Oh! father, only touch her cheek.
’tis cold as very snow.
Father, you do not shed a tear,
Yet little Jane has died;
— Oh! promise, when you leave me here,
To lay me by her side!

And when you pass this torrent cold,
We're come so far to see.
And you go on, beyond, for gold,
Oh think of Jane and me.
Father, I'm weary! rest my head
Upon thy bosom warm —
Cold blows the wind around my head,
And wildly beats the storm.

– Published in The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, October 17, 1862, p. 1

91st Ohio Infantry

Organized at Camp Ironton, Ohio, August 26, 1862. Moved to Ironton, Ohio, August 26-September 3, thence to Guyandotte, Va., September 4. Mustered into United States service September 5. Ordered to Maysville, Ky., September 15. Orders changed to Point Pleasant, W. Va. Attached to District of the Kanawha, W. Va., Dept. of the Ohio, to March. 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 8th Army Corps, Middle Dept., to June, 1863. 2nd Brigade, Scammon's Division, Dept, of West Virginia, to December, 1863. 2nd Brigade. 3rd Division, Dept. West Virginia, to April, 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, West Virginia, to January, 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, West Virginia, to April, 1865. 1st Brigade, 4th Provisional Division, West Virginia, to June, 1865.

SERVICE. – Duty at Point Pleasant, Va., till September 26. 1862. Raid up the Kanawha to Buffalo September 26-28. Action at Buffalo September 27. Advance to Gauley Bridge, Falls of the Great Kanawha, October 20-November 3, thence moved to Fayetteville November 8, and duty there till April, 1863. Advance to Summerville April. Duty at Summerville and Fayetteville till May, 1864. Pursuit of Morgan July 20-31, 1863. Expedition from Charleston to Lewisburg November 3-13. Scammon's demonstration from the Kanawha Valley December 8-21. Big Sewell and Meadow Bluff December 11. Lewisburg and Greenbrier River December 12. Crook's Expedition to Dublin Depot and New River Bridge, Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, May 2-19, 1864. Cloyd's Mountain May 9. New River Bridge and Newbern Bridge May 10. March to join Hunter at Staunton May 31-June 4. Piedmont June 5. Hunter's Raid to Lynchburg June 10-July 1. Diamond Hill June 17. Lynchburg June 17-18. Buford's Gap June 20. Salem June 21. Moved to the Shenandoah Volley July 8, and reach Martinsburg July 15. Stevenson's Depot July 20. Battle of Winchester, Kernstown, July 24. Martinsburg July 25. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28. Near Charlestown August 24. Halltown August 24. Near Charlestown August 26. Halltown August 26. Wormley's Gap August 29. Berryville September 3. Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19, Kablestown November 18. Guarding Railroad Bridge at Opequan till December 20. Ordered to Martinsburg December 30, and duty there till March 17, 1865. Moved to Cumberland, Md., March 17, thence to Winchester April 5, and duty there till June 2. At Cumberland, Md., till June 24. Mustered out June 24, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 3 Officers and 60 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 Officers and 87 Enlisted men by disease. Total 153.

SOURCE: Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Part 3, p. 1537

Friday, June 27, 2014

Hetty Marvin

When the British and Tories attacked Now London, Connecticut, in 17__, and set a price on the head of Governor Griswold, the latter fled to the town of L____, where his cousin, Mrs. Martin, hid him for some days in the secluded farmhouse. But at length the subtle foe discovered his retreat, and one sunny afternoon in May he was routed from his hiding-place by the tidings that a band of horsemen were approaching to capture him.

His only chance of escape was to reach the mouth of a little creek which emptied itself into the Connecticut River, just above the entrance of the latter into Long Island Sound. There he had a boat stationed, with two faithful attendants hidden beneath the high banks of the creek.

The distance from the farmhouse to the boat was two miles of the usual traveled road. But a little path across the farmer's orchard would bring him to the road, only a mile from the boat, and save a quarter's length of his fearful run for life.

Just where the narrow path from the orchard opened into the road, Hetty Marvin sat bleaching her household linen. The long web of forty yards or more, which was diligently spun and woven during the long Winter months, was whitened in May, and thus made ready for use.

The business of bleaching was well economized, being usually done by the younger daughters of the family, who were not old enough to spin, or strong enough for the heavier work of the kitchen or the dairy.

The roll of linen was taken by the farmer or his stout “help” to a grassy plot beside a spring or meadow-brook. There it was thoroughly wetted and spread upon the green turf, to take the best heat of the sun by day and the dew by night. The little maiden who tended it would sit near it.

Thus sat Hetty Marvin, the young daughter of Governor Griswold's cousin, when her hunted friend sprang past her into the road to escape his pursuers. Hetty was a timid child of about twelve years, yet thoughtful and wise beyond any of her elders. She was frightened by the headlong haste with which the governor rushed across the meadow. But she quickly comprehended the scene, and instantly quieted her faithful Towser, who, though a friend of the family guest, thought it becoming to bark loudly at his hurried steps.

Her wise forethought arrested the governor's notice, and suggested a scheme to delude his pursuers.

“Hetty,” he said, “I am flying for my life: and unless I can reach my boat before I am overtaken, I am a lost man. You see the road forks here. But you must tell those who are chasing me that I have gone up the road to catch the mail-wagon, which will soon be along, you know. Then they will turn off the other way.”

“Oh, cousin!” said the little girl, in an agony of distress. “I cannot tell a lie; indeed I cannot. Why did you tell which way you were going!”

“Hetty, child, surely you would not betray me to my death? Hark! they are coming — I hear the click of their horses' feet. Oh, Hetty, tell them I have gone up the road instead of down, and heaven will bless you.”

“Heaven never blesses those who speak falsely, cousin. But I will not tell them which way you go, even if they kill me; so run as quickly as possible.”

“It's of no use. Unless I can deceive them I am a dead man.”

“Cousin, cousin, hide under my web of cloth; they'd never think of looking here for you. Come, get down as swiftly as you can, and I'll cover you, and stand sprinkling my linen.”

Angry that their expected prey had escaped from the house where they hoped to secure him, the six mounted Tories, headed by a British officer, dashed along the road in swift pursuit. At sight of the girl in the meadow, the leader of the party paused.

“Child,” he said, sternly, “have you seen a man running hereabouts?”

“Yes, sir,” replied Hetty, trembling and flushing.

“Which way aid he go?”

“I promised not to tell, sir.”

“But you must, or take the consequences.”

“I said I wouldn't tell, if you killed me,” sobbed the frightened girl.

“I'll have it out of her!” exclaimed the furious officer, with an oath.

“Let me speak to her,” said his Tory guide. "I know the child, I believe. Isn't your name Hetty Marvin?" he asked, pleasantly.

“Yes, sir.”

“And this man that ran by you a few minutes ago was your mother's cousin, wasn't he?”

“Yes, sir, he was.”

“Well, we are friends of his. What did he say to you when he came along?”

“He — told me — that he was flying for his life.”

“Just so, Hetty: that was very true. I hope he won't have to fly far. Were was he going to hide? You see, I could help him if I knew his plans.”

Now, Hetty was not a whit deceived by this smooth speech. But she was willing to tell as much of the truth as would consist with his safety, and she judged that her frankness would serve her kinsman better than her silence, so she answered her questioner candidly:

“My cousin said he was going down to the river, where he had a boat, and wanted me to tell the men that were chasing him that he had gone the other way, to catch the mail-wagon.”

“Why didn't you do as he told you, then, when I asked you where he had gone?” thundered the officer, fiercely.

“I could not tell a lie, sir,” was the tearful answer.

“Hetty,” again began the smooth-tongued Tory, “you are a nice child. Everybody knows you are a girl of truth. What did your cousin say when you told him you could not tell a falsehood?”

“He said he shouldn't think I'd betray him to his death.”

“And then you promised him that yon wouldn't tell which way he went if you were killed for it?”

“Yes, sir.”

“That was brave; and I suppose he thanked yon for it, and ran down the road as quickly as possible.”

“I promised not to tell where he went, sir.”

“Oh, yes, I forgot. Well, tell us his last words, and we won't trouble you any more.”

“His last words were, ‘It’s my only chance, child, and I'll get down as you say.’”

And, overcome with fright and the sense of her kinsman's danger, should they rightly interpret the language which she had reported, she sobbed aloud, and hid her face from sight.

Her tormenters did not stay longer to soothe or question her. They all immediately pushed rapidly on down to the river.

Now the governor had arranged a signal with his boatmen that a white cloth by day, or a light by night, displayed from the attic-window of his hiding-place, which was just visible at the mouth of the river, should inform them if he were in trouble, and put them on the alert to help him.

As soon, therefore, as he started from his cousin’s, it floated from the window to warn them. And when they saw the pursuing party dash madly down the road to the river, and recognized the British uniform of the leaders, they pulled swiftly out to sea. The horsemen reached the shore only in season to see the boat with two men in it nearly out of sight, and, supposing their destined prey had escaped, relinquished the pursuit.

Meanwhile the victim lay safe and quiet where the shrewdness of the little cousin had hidden him. until the time came for her return for supper. Then he bade her go as usual to her home, telling her to ask her mother to place the signal-lamp as soon as it grew dark in the window for the boatmen, and send him there some supper, with his valise, which, in the hurry of his departure, he had left behind.

The signal recalled the boat, which after twilight had ventured in sight of the shore and the farmhouse, and the governor quietly made his way to the river in safety. When he rejoined his father in a secure home, he named his infant daughter, which had been born in his absence, “Hetty Marvin,” that he might be daily reminded of the little cousin whose truth and shrewdness saved his life.

SOURCES:  The Union Sentinel, Osceola, Iowa, Saturday, October 17, 1862, p. 1 in which the beginning portion of this article was hidden in the binding, and the lower portion of the first column was missing.  I used Frank Leslie's Pleasant Hours, Volume 21, No. 1, August 1876, p. 113-4 to reconstruct the article.

Major-General Oliver O. Howard to Major-General George G. Meade, July 1, 1863 – 5 p.m.

HDQRS. ELEVENTH CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
July 1, 1863 5 p.m.

GENERAL: General Reynolds attacked the enemy as soon as he arrived, with one division, about 10.45 a.m. He moved to the front of the town, driving in the enemy's advance for about half a mile, when he met with a strong force of A. P. Hill's corps. I pushed on as fast as I could by a parallel road; placed my corps in position on his right. General Reynolds was killed at 11.15 a.m. I assumed command of the two corps, and sent word to Slocum and Sickles to move up. I have fought the enemy from that time till this. The First Corps fell back, when outflanked on its left, to a stronger position, when the Eleventh Corps was ordered back, also to a stronger position.

General Hancock arrived at 4 p.m., and communicated his instructions. I am still holding on at this time.

Slocum is near, but will not come up to assume command.

Respectfully,
 O. O. HOWARD,
 Major-General.
General MEADE.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2, p. 55; The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume 27, Part 1 (Serial No. 43), p. 696

B. Ditson

Stones River National Cemetery
Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Friday, August 28, 1863


We had company inspection this morning and then started out for Monroe, expecting to have a little fight in taking the town. But upon reaching the place we found that the rebels had withdrawn, leaving at 6 o'clock in the morning. General Logan's Division entered the town at 10 o'clock, while our brigade had come within a mile of town, where we again went into bivouac. In the afternoon there was a heavy rain. The rebels have a hospital here, with about fourteen hundred sick and wounded. Monroe is a nice town, well situated, and has some fine buildings. Strict orders had been given us not to kill any livestock on this expedition; all persons caught in the act were to be arrested. But some of the boys of our regiment had killed a hog and were in the act of cutting it up when the general of our division came riding along with his staff. The boys were caught in the very act. General Stephenson halted, and wanting to know by what authority they had killed the hog, he was going to have them arrested on the spot. But they had one fellow equal to the occasion, who explained that they had killed a wild hog. They were out in the timber getting wood with which to build fires, when some wild hogs there made a charge upon them, and in self-defense they had killed the boldest one; they then thought that as they had killed it they might as well bring it in and have some fresh pork. The general rode on.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 138-9