Sunday, February 26, 2023
General John Bell Hood to James A. Seddon, October 15, 1864
Wednesday, April 13, 2022
Official Reports of the Campaign in North Alabama and Middle Tennessee, November 14, 1864-January 23, 1865: No. 227.—Reports of Col. William P. Lyon, Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, of operations December 19-21 and 31, 1864.
SIR: I have the
honor to report to you that I left Stevenson on the afternoon of the 19th
instant with one train and arrived at Woodville a little before dark. I found
Colonel Prosser preparing to move to Brownsborough. He moved up the river about
four miles that night, and attempted to cross at the most shallow ford on that
stream, but the high water prevented him from doing so. He returned, and after
several hours labor planking the railroad bridge we got his command across. The
other trains arrived on the morning of 20th, and after leaving sixty infantry
and a piece of artillery at the bridge, together with the dismounted and twenty
mounted cavalry, we moved on to Brownsborough, arriving there at dark. The
railroad and bridges are unharmed, but all of the block-houses were burned on
the 19th. Colonel Prosser preceded us to Brownsborough, and at Maysville
surprised and scattered from 100 to 200 rebels, killing 3 and capturing 7;
several were drowned in attempting to swim Flint River. Hearing from a tolerably
authentic source that there were 700 rebels, infantry and artillery, in
Huntsville, besides their cavalry, I thought it prudent to send Colonel Prosser
ahead to reconnoiter before putting my trains across Flint River. He moved in
the night, arriving here at daybreak, and took quiet possession of Huntsville.
There have been but a few troops here, and they left last evening. I arrived
here with the trains soon after noon. I left 35 men at Hurricane Creek and 100
at Brownsborough. Captain Williams' command, which came here with Colonel
Prosser, is ordered to the latter place to-morrow morning. I also left a piece
of artillery there. When the trains left Larkinsville yesterday morning Captain
Givens' command had not arrived there, and, of course, no artillery was left
there; but I started a train back there this morning with the artillery and to
complete the repairs to the telegraph line, which is broken in several places.
I sent a guard of fifty men on this train. I learn here that the gun-boat fleet
passed down the river last night, and I therefore do not send the detachment of
the Seventy-third and One hundred and second Ohio Volunteer Infantry to Whitesburg.
We get but little intelligence here of the movements or intentions of the
enemy. A report, which I deem tolerably reliable, is, that orders were received
here yesterday from General Hood to hold Huntsville at all hazards, and,
further, that it was his intention to make Decatur his main position, with his
right resting at this place. The intelligence of Hood's defeat did not reach
here until yesterday.
The enemy did but
little damage in this vicinity. They carried off Judge Humphreys a prisoner,
and obtained some forty recruits. We arrived here too soon for their
conscription. I await intelligence from Decatur with considerable anxiety.
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
SIR: I have the
honor to submit the following report of the capture and destruction of Paint
Rock bridge, on the 31st ultimo, the facts not having been obtained by me until
to-day:
When I left
Stevenson on the 19th ultimo, under orders from the general commanding to
reoccupy this place and the railroad, I received written orders to leave fifty
infantry and verbal orders to leave one piece of artillery and twenty mounted
cavalry at Paint Rock bridge. I reached there on the morning of the 20th
ultimo, and left the piece of artillery, the twenty cavalry, and Company G of
the Thirteenth Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry, fifty-six strong, the
whole commanded by Second Lieut. Samuel C. Wagoner, Company G, Thirteenth
Wisconsin. I also left a corporal and one man of Battery D, First Missouri
Light Artillery, to drill a gun squad which I directed to be detailed from the
infantry to work the piece. These, together with Captain Kennimer's company of
home scouts, nominally about thirty strong, constituted the garrison of the
place. I spent considerable time with Lieutenant Wagoner, and gave him full and
explicit directions to place the gun upon an elevation northeast of the bridge,
to encamp his command near it on the same elevation, to immediately fortify his
position by throwing up a redoubt of logs, earth, and rock on the summit of the
elevation, giving him specific directions to carry up the face toward the
mountain, which approaches quite near the bridge at that point, sufficiently
high to protect the gunners in case of attack from sharpshooters in the mountain,
to put every team necessary, of which there were several at the place, and
every available man, upon this work immediately, and press it to an early
completion, and to picket thoroughly every approach to his camp, throwing out
his cavalry as vedettes. I endeavored to impress upon his mind that he was
liable to attack at any time, and that the utmost vigilance on his part was
required to save him from disaster. About a week afterward I received a note
from Lieutenant W[agoner] stating that he had information that there was a
large force of rebels in the vicinity of Claysville, on both sides of the
river, the substance of which I telegraphed to you, and the reply of the
general commanding, which was immediately forwarded to the lieutenant, reiterated
in the strongest language the instructions which I had already given him. I
deeply regret the necessity which compels me to state that Lieutenant Wagoner
entirely disregarded the most vital of the orders. He did not fortify his
position, and he put out no picket, except one man on the bridge, and had no
camp guard, except one sentinel at the gun, and, incredible as it seems,
although he had notice from several sources on Friday evening that the enemy
were within a few miles of him in force, he did not increase his pickets or
take a single precaution to guard against surprise. The attack was made by the
combined forces of Mead and Johnson, and that of Whitecotton from the other
side of the river, amounting in all, as nearly as I can learn, to about 400 men,
at 4 o'clock in the morning. The enemy came from the mountain east of the camp,
and was first discovered by the sentinel at the gun. He fired, and gave the
alarm, but before the camp could be aroused the whole force was in it, and the
garrison overpowered and most of it captured. The lieutenant and 37 men of
Company G and 1 artilleryman were captured. Nineteen of Company G, the other
artilleryman, the cavalry, and the home scouts escaped; only a few of the
latter were in camp, the balance being absent on a scout. The prisoners were
taken to the river by Whitecotton's command at Claysville, and were, doubtless,
sent to the other side. The balance of the attacking force went north. They
burned and cut the bridge so that it fell into the river, and they left the gun
unspiked, but mutilated the carriage.
I go there
to-morrow, and will then be able to give an account of the loss of arms, camp
and garrison equipage, &c.
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
Wednesday, March 2, 2022
Official Reports of the Campaign in North Alabama and Middle Tennessee, November 14, 1864-January 23, 1865: No. 222. — Report of Col. Gilbert M. L. Johnson, Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry, of operations December 4-9, 1864.
SIR: In compliance
with orders received in communication dated headquarters, Murfreesborough,
December 5, 1864, I have the honor to report that, in accordance with verbal
orders received from Major-General Rousseau on the evening of December 3, 1864,
I took up the line of march with my command on the morning of December 4, 1864,
toward La Vergne, with the view of camping that night at that point. Upon
reaching a point some three miles distant from this place I met a detachment of
the Fifth Tennessee Cavalry, which had been stationed at Overall's Creek,
retiring upon this point, being pursued by the enemy. I ordered the captain in
charge of the same to deploy his men as skirmishers on the left of the road, at
the same time throwing a company of my command on the right, and proceeded in
this manner one mile to the creek, the enemy's skirmishers falling back to the
opposite bank. A brisk skirmish was kept up, the creek intervening, the enemy
at the same time opening on us with three pieces of artillery. At this time I
addressed a communication to the general commanding, of which the following is
a copy:
HEADQUARTERS THIRTEENTH INDIANA CAVALRY,
Overall's Creek, December 4, 1864.
Major-General
ROUSSEAU:
GENERAL:
I am holding the skirmish line at Overall's Creek. The enemy expose a line
double to mine; reported moving column on my right flank; have used three
pieces of artillery on me; also reported the same to be used on the
block-house. Slight loss; skirmishing rapid; await orders; artillery moving
toward their rear on the pike. Heavy artillery firing distinctly heard in the
direction of Nashville. I shall endeavor to cross the creek.
I
am, sir, your obedient servant,
G. M. L. JOHNSON,
Colonel Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry.
Shortly afterward
General Milroy came up with re-enforcements, his infantry relieving my skirmish
line, and I formed my regiment in column on the pike, at a distance of 400
yards from the bridge. Just before night-fall I received an order from General
Milroy, through Captain Carson, to charge across the bridge, which order I
obeyed. After gaining the opposite bank I turned the head of my column to the
right, and swung round the base of the hill, menacing the enemy's left flank,
which had the effect of causing the retiring of a large part of the enemy's
force. My pieces (Enfield rifles) being discharged and difficult to reload when
men are mounted, and the enemy having turned their artillery on me, I retired
my column to the creek under cover of the bank, and in doing so received a
slight fire from our own forces stationed in the block-house, they evidently in
the darkness mistaking us for the enemy. I immediately threw out skirmishers,
dismounted, and, reforming my line, made another dash around the former
position of their left flank and in rear of the hill on which their artillery
had been planted. The enemy having retired, I threw out outposts and withdrew
my command to this side Overall's Creek. I retired, in accordance with orders
from General Milroy, and arrived in camp at this place about 1 a.m. December 5,
1864.
Additional
skirmishes and reconnaissances have been had with the enemy on the 5th, 6th,
7th, and 9th of December, 1864. In these my command has captured about 20
prisoners, among whom were 1 major and 1 lieutenant.
Please find the list
of casualties appended.*
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Defenses Nashville and Chattanooga R. R.
* Shows 1 officer and 7 men killed and 34 men wounded.
Official Reports of the Campaign in North Alabama and Middle Tennessee, November 14, 1864-January 23, 1865: No. 223. — Report of Col. Thomas C. Boone, One hundred and fifteenth Ohio Infantry, of operations December 2-5, 1864.
LIEUTENANT: I have
the honor to transmit herewith a report of the operations of my regiment during
Hood's late advance into Tennessee.
On the 25th of
November, as per instructions from headquarters post of Murfreesborough, I
started to Duck River Bridge, at the same time sent the adjutant northward
toward Nashville on an inspection tour. I found the troops from here to Duck
River supplied with the requisite amount of ammunition and subsistence to
December 10, 1864. The adjutant returned November 27, making a similar report.
I immediately forwarded twenty days' rations to all the detachments of the
regiment from Nashville to Duck River, supplying the troops to the 1st of
January, 1865.
Block-house No. 2,
five miles from Nashville, commanded by Lieut. George D. Harter, was the first
attacked by the enemy. About 8 a.m. December 2, 1864, a force was seen
approaching the block-house, a large majority of whom were dressed in Federal
uniform. The force began gradually to surround the block-house. About this time
a railroad train was heard approaching from the south. When it came in sight it
was discovered to be loaded with colored troops. The train came up very slowly,
and when on the bridge at the block-house was fired into by the enemy's
artillery, disabling the engine and wrecking the train immediately. This began
the fight, and seven pieces of artillery opened fire on the block-house. The
colored troops, which consisted of parts of the Fourteenth and Forty-fourth U.
S. Colored Infantry, and numbering in all about 350 men, under command of
Colonel Johnson, of the Forty-fourth U.S. Colored Troops, sought protection at
the block-house. They were scarce of ammunition, and Lieutenant Harter gave to
Colonel Johnson for the use of his command 2,000 rounds, without which they
could have rendered but little or no assistance to the block-house garrison.
The garrison kept up constant firing on the enemy, forcing them to change the
position of their artillery frequently. One piece, however, which did them the
most damage, was stationed on a hill about 500 yards north of the block-house.
It was loaded under cover of the hill, pushed to the crest, sighted and fired,
and then drawn back to reload. The garrison was unable to force this gun from
its position. Firing was kept up continually from 10 a.m. until dark. Near 500
rounds solid shot and shell, from 10 and 20 pounder guns, were fired at the
block-house. The rebels told our wounded (who were left in their hands) that
they fired upward of 460 rounds. Night found the block-house in a ruinous
condition, the north wing being completely destroyed, outside casing of west
wing was badly damaged, the lookout gone, two large breaches made in the roof,
and one of the posts—the main support of the roof—knocked out, while the other
center posts were badly splintered. Lieutenant Harter, taking into
consideration the condition of the block-house and that his ammunition was
nearly all expended, regarded it as certain capture to remain until daylight.
Consequently, at 3 a.m. December 3, 1864, the garrison evacuated the
block-house, and, accompanied by the colored troops, arrived safely in
Nashville at daylight. Upon reporting to Major-General Thomas, Lieutenant
Harter was informed that an order had been issued two days previously directing
the abandonment of all block-houses from Nashville to Murfreesborough. The
courier failed to get through the rebel lines, consequently the order was not
received. Casualties of the garrison at this block-house (No. 2) were 1
enlisted man killed and 3 enlisted men wounded.
No. 1 block-house,
four miles from Nashville, commanded by Lieut. Jacob N. Shaffer, was attacked
and the entire garrison captured December 3, 1864. The amount of firing upon
and damage done to block-house and garrison before its surrender has not been
ascertained. It is reported, however, that firing was kept up throughout the
day and that a flag of truce was sent in five times during the day.
Block-house No. 3,
near Antioch, commanded by Capt. D. N. Lowrey, was attacked on the 3d of December
by artillery. The rebel guns here were placed in such positions as to prevent
the block-house garrison from doing them much injury other than occasionally
picking off a gunner. After holding out for thirty-six hours and receiving
ninety shots, from 12 and 20 pounder guns, the garrison was compelled to
surrender.
Capt. Lewis F. Hake,
commanding at La Vergne, received an order December 4, 1864, from Major-General
Thomas (which had been issued three days previously), to abandon all the
block-houses from Nashville to Murfreesborough and withdraw the forces to the
latter place. Couriers were started each way along the railroad on the morning
of the 5th to notify the commanders of the block-houses. Sergt. William
McKinney, commanding Block-house No. 4, having received this order, was in the
act of evacuating his block-house, when he was attacked and compelled to
surrender.
On the morning of
the 5th of December, 1864, as the command at La Vergne was completing its
preparations to march to Murfreesborough (two wagons having already been
loaded), the rebels suddenly made their appearance in considerable force on all
sides, and a flag of truce was discovered approaching. It was halted at a
proper distance and Lieutenant Eadie sent out to meet it. Whilst a consultation
was being had under the flag the rebels took advantage of the same and planted
four pieces of artillery bearing directly on the command. Under the
circumstances, being surrounded by a force greatly superior in numbers, with
their artillery in position commanding the whole ground ready for firing,
Captain Hake was compelled to surrender his command, consisting of 73 men
(regimental martial band included), 25 horses and equipments, 2 pieces of
artillery (one 6 and one 12 pounder), and small-arms.
Commanders of
block-houses Nos. 5 and 6, Capt. William M. McClure and Lieut. John S. Orr,
received Captain Hake's order the night of the 4th. They evacuated their
block-houses on the morning of the 5th instant. Rebels in small squads had
already made their appearance on all sides. The garrisons were compelled to
make a circuitous route around through Jefferson, marching over twenty miles,
had several skirmishes with the enemy on the way, and arrived safely in camp at
Murfreesborough about 2 p.m. of the same day.
Block-house No. 7,
four miles from Murfreesborough, commanded by Lieut. H. H. Glosser, was
attacked on the 4th instant by rebel artillery and musketry. Seventy-six
artillery shots were fired at the blockhouse, thirty-two of which struck it.
The railroad bridge at this point was saved, and but little damage was done to
the block-house other than knocking off the lookout. This house was not again
attacked with artillery. Sharpshooters remained keeping the garrison hemmed in,
as the following communication, being the first that was heard from Lieutenant
Glosser, will explain.
BLOCK-HOUSE No. 7, December 18, 1864.
Major-General
MILROY:
SIR:
I am informed by your scout (Mr. Lee) that the rebels have retreated. He tells
me that if there is anything I want to send a note to you and say what it is.
General, I want nothing but liberty. I have been hemmed in for thirteen days,
not daring to put my head outside the block-house. The rebel sharpshooters have
left, and I feel better. The health of myself and men is good; am ready for any
emergency. General Forrest sent in a flag of truce four times, demanding the
surrender of this house, promising to treat me well, and threatening to burn me
with Greek fire if I refused. I resolved to believe nothing but such things as
I could see; and as I could not see the Greek fire, I thought I would wait
until I did.
I
am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. H. GLOSSER,
First Lieut. Company E, 115th Regt. Ohio Vol.
Infty., Comdg. Block-House No. 7.
No casualties were
sustained at this block-house. The garrison kept up firing at all times when
the rebels appeared in sight, expending during the whole time nearly 8,000
rounds of ammunition.
The detachments at
block-houses between Murfreesborough and Tullahoma, with but one exception,
were not attacked by the enemy.
Block-House No. 9,
near Bell Buckle Station, Lieut. M. S. Hurd commanding, was approached by flag
of truce and its surrender demanded. Lieutenant Hurd promptly refused, telling
them "if they wanted the block-house, they must come and take it."
The rebels did not open fire with their artillery, and after a few volleys of
musketry withdrew from sight. Straggling rebels were now seen all along the
road to Tullahoma, quite a number of whom were picked up and forwarded to
Murfreesborough.
You are already
cognizant of the part taken by the detachment in and near Murfreesborough,
which renders it unnecessary for me to mention the particulars. So far as I am
able to learn I have good reason to believe that every detachment of the
regiment throughout has done its duty as became soldiers.
I feel it my duty
here to make special mention of the manner in which Lieuts. George D. Hatter
and Henry H. Glosser, with the little bands of veterans under their command, so
nobly acquitted themselves under such trying circumstances. Too much credit
cannot be given them for so gallantly defending their block-houses against the
prolonged attack of the enemy, so much their superior in numbers and furnished
with 10 and 20 pounder guns.
Captured, 170;
killed, 1; wounded, 4; escaped since capture, 4.
Accompanying this
report is a list of casualties in the regiment, as nearly correct as I am at
this time able to give.
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
Official Reports of the Campaign in North Alabama and Middle Tennessee, November 14, 1864-January 23, 1865: No. 225. — Report of Lieut. H. Milo Torrence, One hundred and fifteenth Ohio Infantry, Assistant Inspector Railroad Defenses, of operations December 4-17, 1864.
SIR: I have the
honor to report that on Sunday, December 4, at about 11 a.m., the enemy opened
three pieces 12-pounder artillery on block-house No. 7, at distances of 500 and
800 yards, throwing seventy-two shot and shell, thirty-one of which struck the
building, five in the lookout and twenty-six in the main building and its
entrance way. Of the twenty-six, six were thrown into the inner casing at loop
line. It will be remembered that the outer casing of this house is supported
above the loop line by pillars twelve to fifteen inches long. The shot were
thrown in between the upper and lower logs of the outer case and the pillars.
Some of the pillars were struck and shattered but none knocked entirely out. No
shot penetrated the main building; no shot struck, however, directly on the
loop, the bearing of the guns being such as not to admit of it except at the
corner. No shot penetrated the timbers of inner case sufficiently deep to
distend the timber on the inside. About 2 p.m. Major-General Milroy engaged the
enemy and relieved the garrison. On Monday, the 5th, about 2 p.m., the enemy
again opened three pieces on house, at distance of 800 and 900 yards to the
northwest, and fired five or six shot and shell, one of which only struck the
building, doing but little damage. The garrison were ready for the attack, and had
seven or eight loops bearing on the battery. I required them to fire by rank,
which was done, and done with such precision as to compel the enemy to limber
up and get away at double-quick, with the loss of one horse, and, I learn from
rebel authority, three or four wounded men; their sharpshooters left with them.
We took advantage of the dark to get more wood and water, and some timbers,
with which the floor of tower was made bomb-proof. About midnight a Federal
soldier came to garrison, saying that General Bate had sent him to say to
garrison that if they would surrender that he (Bate) would parole the whole
garrison, respect private property, &c., and that he would send in flag by
6 a.m. or sunrise. At 12 the promised flag came, by order of General Hill,
asking surrender upon terms offered by General Bate; was answered that "We
would hold the block-house." This morning a picket-line was put out around
us, the sharpshooters looking after also. On the 7th flag came in, by order
General Forrest, giving ten minutes to surrender or be burned with Greek fire,
etc. Four flags came in during the thirteen days. On Friday, the 16th, the
pickets were called in. On 17th all disappeared except a few stragglers, who
evinced no disposition to molest.
The garrison did not
have one man hurt, nor did the house sustain any serious injury.
The deficiency in
the block-house, as developed in this case (and as far as I can learn in that
of No. 2), is in the staunching supporting the ceiling and in the horizontal
bracing at the cap plates. In No. 7 the girder spanning the south wing
commenced to give way while the house was bombarded in the opposite side or
wings. I had temporary posts put in and other like improvement made as
circumstances suggested. I am of the opinion that the rectangular building,
properly constructed and located, is the better plan for the blockhouses. I
have increased confidence in block-houses as means of defense, from my
experience, and believe that they can be so constructed as to resist any artillery
that is ordinarily brought to bear against them.
Allow me to
recommend to favorable consideration Lieutenant Glosser and his command; they
behaved nobly during the siege of fourteen days.
Chief Inspector R. R. Defenses, Dept. of the Cumberland.