Wednesday, July 17, 2013

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Wednesday, September 24, 1862

The first train of cars came in today from Corinth and we expect now to receive a fresh supply of hardtack. We have been on one-third rations by foraging; now, however, it seems we have to do without, for we have cleaned up everything for a distance of ten miles in all directions.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 71

Tuesday, July 16, 2013

George W. Brindle to Mrs. L. Bolles, March 2, 1863


Dubuque Iowa
February Mch 2/63

Mrs. L. Bolles
Sand Springs [Iowa]

Dr. Madam & Sister,

Enclosed find five dollars sent me by your husband to pay expenses on securing accommodations for his chaplaincy and having it acknowledged &c. &c.

The expense was nothing to speak of and the trouble was freely taken – so I remit to you.

He spoke also of sending you groceries for the amt. In case there was no expense but in inquiring I learn that there is really no difference in the price of those articles worthy of [matter] between this place and the smaller towns around.

So here is it is.

My love to your little girl whom I met when her father was in camp here.

Faithfully yrs,

Geo. W. Brindle

SOURCE: This item was listed for sale on Ebay on July 15, 2013.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Lorenzo Bolles, Jr. was the Chaplain of the 21st Iowa Infantry.  He enlisted in Company K as a private on July 28, 1862, and was promoted Chaplain January 6, 1863.  He resigned July 16, 1863.

From The 11th Iowa Regiment

2 MILES WEST OF BATTLE GROUND,
PITTSBURG, TENN., April 28.

EDITOR GAZETTE:– On Friday last the Iowa 11th and 13th struck tents and marched out about 3 miles to a new camping ground, to the front and in line of battle with the army here.  Shortly afterwards the Iowa 15th and 16th arrived, and moved to our left.  These four regiments constitute the third brigade of the 6th division of the army of the West.  The division is under Gen. McKean, and this brigade is commanded by Col. Crocker of the 13th Iowa, and is the first and only brigade made up wholly of Iowa troops.

The Colonel commanding the brigade has the entire confidence of all who know him.  Col. Crocker is a good officer; at the head of his troops and in the thickest of the fray on Sunday, he gallantly lead the regiment, until Col. Hare’s injuries compelled him to leave the field, and the command of the brigade devolved on Col. Crocker, and no one who witnessed the heroic endurance with which his command still held the foe at bay, until night closed the scene can fail to appreciate the skill and honor his heroism and that of his men.

Our New Iowa brigade will do no discredit to our gallant State.  The best feeling prevails between the different regiments, and we all feel happy to be brigaded with a regiment that has so nobly vindicated the courage of our State, as the 13th, and under so noble a commander as Col. Crocker.  I might give thrilling incidents of the conduct of both officers and men of the 13th in the late engagement, as narrated to me, but prefer to leave this to others, who say and partook of the action with them.

We all concluded on Monday that among the most beautiful and moving things in history of poetry, were “Buell’s lines on Beauregard.

On Saturday our regiment had scarcely settled down in our new quarters, and dried off the rain of the day before, from clothing and accoutrements, when we were visited, on half hour notice, by. Gen. Inspection, (who is at no time a very welcome visitor to the soldiers) by Gen. Halleck, Inspector General.

Gen. Pope’s army has arrived, bringing up the Iowa 2d Cavalry and the 4th and 10th regiments of Infantry.  Your readers may think it a vastly pleasant time here to visit friends and enjoy this warm spring weather – birds singing overhead, and the pleasant breezes blowing through your evening tent, as you sit around the supper table, narrating thrilling incidents and “hair-breadth escapes.”  In reality it is almost as difficult to visit one’s friend outside the division to which we belong, as though States intervened.  Gen. Halleck has issued orders, forbidding company officers or men leaving their own division (except on duty) under any pretext, without leave from headquarters.

Mr. Editor, as one who had some little part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, I am vexed to see those who took no part in Sunday’s fight, saying we were whipped that day.  I desire to deny the assertion.  Borne back by numbers, but with unconquered will, 20,000 brave men of the morning army fought through this day and lay on their arms at night to renew the fight next morning, and with Lew. Wallace’s division we would have won the battle on Monday.  No army is beaten while it can raise such a force and with such feelings as animated out brave men.

The sun shines once more warm and drying.  Skirmishers are out ahead and little encounters of pickets and skirmishers are of daily occurrence.  Look out for large events ere long.  Our army has all confidence in Gen. Halleck.  The health of our men is improving and we were ready to act at any time.

We have already buried over 3,000 of the rebel dead, from the late battle, and we are still finding them were their wounded were abandoned in their flight of Monday night.  Our present camp is near where Gens. Johnston and Beauregard lay the night before the battle.

Yours truly,
Co. B, 11TH IOWA.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Sir James C. Ross, the explorer . . .

. . . died at Aylesbury, England on the 3d of April, aged 62.  He was the discoverer of the North Magnetic Pole, and in 1839-43 reach 78 degrees 10 seconds south, the nearest approach to the South Pole ever made

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Tuesday, September 23, 1862

We moved out of the old camp in the woods and went into bivouac in a large field. We are obliged to form a line of battle every morning at 2 o'clock and remain in line until after sunrise. A few of the rebel cavalry are still watching us in this vicinity. Our entire division is at this place, but it is thought that we shall soon leave for Corinth, as Iuka is not a very important point to hold, but Corinth, because of its two railroad lines, is very important.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 71

First Of May Receipt - To Clean Paint

Smear a piece of flannel with common whiting, mixed to the consistency of common paste, in warm water.  Rub the surface to be cleaned quite briskly, and wash off with pure cold water.  Grease spots in this way will be almost instantly removed, as well as other filth, and the paint will retain its brilliancy and beauty unimpaired.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Monday, July 15, 2013

From Cairo

CAIRO, May 2.

The river is stationary, and eight inches higher than was ever before known.

The news from Pittsburg is of the highest importance, but its transmission over the wires is prohibited.

The bombardment of Fort Pillow is continued by mortars, at short intervals.  It was generally believed that a simultaneous attack would be made by the fleet before the close of the week.

Deserters say that the entire rebel gunboat fleet, under command of Hollins, had arrived at Fort Pillow, and would make an attack on Com. Foote as soon as preparations were complete.

A Memphis paper of the 24th April says a meeting held the night previous had concluded to burn the city in case of the approach of the Federal fleet.

The fall of New Orleans is referred to, but no particulars are given.

An editorial urgently calls on the people to reinforce Price at Fort Pillow, as the only hope of salvation of the city.

Gov. Yates left here to-ni9ght for Pittsburg, with the steamer Champion, fitted up to accommodate 400 wounded Illinois soldiers.  He also takes up a large quantity of sanitary stores for distribution among the Illinois hospitals.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: Saturday, July 18, 1863

Lee has got over the Potomac with a loss, in crossing, of 1500; and Johnston has abandoned Jackson, Miss.

But we have awful good news from New York: an Insurrection, the loss of many lives, extensive pillage and burning, with a suspension of the conscription!

Gen. Morgan is in the enemy’s country.

SOURCE: John Beauchamp Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital, Volume 1, p. 381-2

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Monday, September 22, 1862

No news of importance. Rain last night. Foraging parties are bringing in all the fresh pork that we can use, besides plenty of sweet potatoes. Our crackers, having been kept in storage so long, are musty and full of the weevil web, and there are no trains from Corinth to bring a fresh supply. We often clean them the best we can and bake them again in ashes or in skillets.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 71

Sunday, July 14, 2013

From Washington

WASHINGTON, May 2.

The Senate confirmed the appointment of Brig. Gens. Mitchell and Ord to be Major Generals of volunteers, and Capt. John Gibson, of the 4th artillery, to be Brigadier General.

Vessels that go South, excepting in the employ of the Government, no matter what their cargo, will be seized and confiscated.

According to a recent order from the War department, when the care of sick and disabled soldiers is assumed by the State from which they came, the subsistence department will commute there rations at 25c.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: Friday, July 17, 1863

At last we have the authentic announcement that Gen. Lee has recrossed the Potomac! Thus the armies of the Confederate States are recoiling at all points, and a settled gloom is apparent on many weak faces. The fall of Charleston is anticipated. Subjugation is not apprehended by the government; for, if driven to an interior line of defense, the war may be prolonged indefinitely, or at least until the United States becomes embroiled with some European power.

Meantime we are in a half starving condition. I have lost twenty pounds, and my wife and children are emaciated to some extent. Still, I hear no murmuring.

To-day, for the second time, ten dollars in Confederate notes are given for one in gold; and no doubt, under our recent disasters, the depreciation will increase. Had it not been for the stupidity of our Dutch Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Memminger, there would have been no financial difficulties. If he had recommended (as he was urged to do) the purchase by the government of all the cotton, it could have been bought at 7 cents per pound; and the profits alone would have defrayed the greater portion of the expenses of the war, besides affording immense diplomatic facilities and advantages. But red-tape etiquette, never violated by the government, may prove our financial ruin beyond redemption. It costs this government five times as much to support an army as it does the United States; and the call for conscripts is a farce, since the speculators (and who is not one now?) will buy exemptions from the party who, strangely, have the authority to grant them.

The last accounts from Jackson state that Burnside is reinforcing Grant, and that heavy .skirmishing is going on daily. But all suppose that Johnston must retreat. And Bragg is in no condition to face Rosecrans.

Whether Lee will come hither or not, no one knows; but some tremble for the fate of Richmond. Lee possibly may cross the Potomac again, however, if Meade detaches a heavy force to capture Richmond.

What our fate would be if we fall into the hands of the invader, may be surmised from the sufferings of the people in New Orleans.

SOURCE: John Beauchamp Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital, Volume 1, p. 381-2

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Sunday, September 21, 1862

We lay around all day in the camp which the rebels vacated. Their tents are badly torn, but the wooden bunks are in good condition. The wounded have all been cared for and the dead were buried today. A detachment of our army is still in pursuit of the rebels. Our brigade has been detailed to garrison this place and we expect our tents to arrive soon. I was detailed on camp guard this morning.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 70

Saturday, July 13, 2013

In The Review Queue: John Bell Hood


By Stephen Hood

John Bell Hood was one of the Confederacy's most successful-and enigmatic-generals. He died at 48 after a brief illness in August of 1879, leaving behind the first draft of his memoirs Advance and Retreat: Personal Experiences in the United States and Confederate States Armies. Published posthumously the following year, the memoirs immediately became as controversial as their author. A careful and balanced examination of these "controversies," however, coupled with the recent discovery of Hood's personal papers (which were long considered lost) finally sets the record straight in John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General.

Outlived by most of his critics, Hood's published version of many of the major events and controversies of his Confederate military career were met with scorn and skepticism. Some described his memoirs as nothing more than a polemic against his arch-rival Joseph E. Johnston. These unflattering opinions persisted throughout the decades and reached their nadir in 1992, when an influential author described Hood's memoirs as "merely a bitter, misleading, and highly distorted treatise" replete with "distortions, misrepresentations, and outright falsifications." Without any personal papers to contradict them, many historians and writers portrayed Hood as an inept and dishonest opium addict and a conniving, vindictive cripple of a man. One writer went so far as to brand him "a fool with a license to kill his own men." What most readers don't know is that nearly all of these authors misused sources, ignored contrary evidence, and/or suppressed facts sympathetic to Hood.

Stephen M. "Sam" Hood, a distant relative of the general, embarked on a meticulous forensic study of the common perceptions and controversies of his famous kinsman. His careful examination of the original sources utilized to create the broadly accepted "facts" about John Bell Hood uncovered startlingly poor scholarship by some of the most well-known and influential historians of the 20th and 21st centuries. These discoveries, coupled with his access to a large cache of recently discovered Hood papers-many penned by generals and other officers who served with Hood-confirm Hood's account that originally appeared in his memoir and resolve, for the first time, some of the most controversial aspects of Hood's long career.

"Blindly accepting historical 'truths' without vigorous challenge," cautions one historian, "is a perilous path to understanding real history." The shocking revelations in John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General will forever change our perceptions of Hood as both a man and a general, and those who set out to shape his legacy.

ISBN 978-1611211405, Savas Beatie, © 2013, Hardcover, 336 Pages, Photographs & Illustrations, Maps, Footnotes, Appendices, Bibliography & Index. $32.95.  To Purchase the book click HERE.

Loan Negotiated

Mr. Cisco to-day negotiated the exchange of one million of 7 3-10 notes for $1,000,000, the interest upon the notes to be paid up to date by the Banks making the exchange.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

We Hope So

It is said that Gen. Hunter has orders to burn the city of Charleston.  “And let all the people say Amen!”

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 2

Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: Thursday, July 16, 1863

This-is another blue day in the calendar. Nothing from Lee, or Johnston, or Bragg; and no news is generally bad news. But from Charleston we learn that the enemy are established on Morris Island, having taken a dozen of our guns and howitzers in the sand hills at the lower end; and that the monitors had passed the bar, and doubtless an engagement by land and by water is imminent, if indeed it has not already taken place. Many regard Charleston as lost. I do not.

Again the Enquirer, edited by Mitchel, the Irishman, is urging the President to seize arbitrary power; but the Examiner combats the project defiantly.

Mr. Secretary Seddon, who usually wears a sallow and cadaverous look, which, coupled with his emaciation, makes him resemble an exhumed corpse after a month's interment, looks to-day like a galvanized corpse which had been buried two months. The circles round his eyes are absolutely black! And yet he was pacing briskly backward and forward between the President's office and the War Department. He seems much affected by disasters.

The United States agent of exchange has sent a notice to our agent that the negroes we capture from them in battle must be exchanged as other soldiers are, according to the cartel, which said nothing about color; and if the act of Congress in relation to such soldiers be executed, the United States would retaliate to the utmost extremity.

Captains H. W. Sawyer and John Flinn, having been designated by lot for execution in retaliation for two of our captains executed by Gen. Burnside for recruiting in Kentucky, write somewhat lugubriously, in bad grammar and execrable chirography, that, as they never served under Burnside, they should not be made to suffer for his deed. They say we have two of Burnside's captains at Atlanta (and they give their names) who would be the proper victims.

I saw a paper to-day, sent to the department, with a list of the United States officers at Memphis who are said to have taken bribes; among them is Col. H____r, of Illinois, Provost Marshal General (Grant's staff); Col. A____, Illinois, ex-Provost Marshal; Capt. W____, Illinois, Assistant Provost Marshal; Capt. C____ (Gen. Herbert's staff), and “Dan Ross,” citizen of Illinois, procurer.

On the 9th instant Gen. D. H. Hill (now lieutenant-general, and assigned to Mississippi) asks if troops are to be sent to cover Lee's retreat; and fears, if the enemy establish themselves at Winchester, they will starve Lee to death. Speaking of the raid of the enemy to the North Carolina Railroad, he said they would do the State infinite service by dashing into Raleigh and capturing all the members of the legislature. He also hits at the local newspapers here. Their mention of his name, and the names of other officers in the campaign round Richmond, informed the enemy that we had no troops at Goldsborough and Weldon, and hence the raid. And, after all, he says the enemy were not more numerous than our forces in the recent dash at Richmond. He says it was no feint, but a faint.

To-day an order was issued for the local troops to deliver up their ammunition. What does that mean?

And to-day the President calls for the second class of conscripts, all between eighteen and forty-five years of age. So our reserves must take the field!

SOURCE: John Beauchamp Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital, Volume 1, p. 380-1

Baltimore, May 3 [1862].

The Old Point boat has arrived, but it brings no news.  A flag of truce had come down from Norfolk, but no later intelligence came with it.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 1

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Saturday, September 20, 1862

We remained in line of battle all night and early this morning advanced in a line about two miles, when we received orders to march on into Iuka. The rebels retreated during the night, and General Rosecrans' forces are after them. We learned this morning that a battle had been fought yesterday here by Rosecrans' forces alone. When we were waiting for the sound of Rosecrans' cannon, we could not hear them on account of an unfavorable wind. The rebels attacked him and made the fight come off a day before the time set for our capture of them. The Sixteenth Iowa of Crocker's Brigade had been detached from us and sent forward, being the only regiment of our brigade engaged in the fight. Their loss was fourteen killed. The Fifth Iowa in Rosecrans' army was trapped in an ambush which was made with a battery masked in green leaves, and lost forty-one killed. The rebels were driven out and left their dead and wounded on the field. Quite a number of our wounded are now being brought into town from the battlefield. Iuka is a nice place with some good buildings. It is well supplied with good water from splendid springs. There is poor farming land around here, it being quite rolling in this part of Tennessee. The timber, mostly pine, is rather scrubby.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 70

Friday, July 12, 2013

From Washington

WASHINGTON, May 2.

The current report that Gen. McDowell has crossed the Rappahannock and occupied Fredericksburg is untrue.  Telegraph communication is now established with him.

Dispatches from Gen. Halleck, dated to-day, say nothing of the reported evacuation of Corinth.  It is discredited.

Deserters from the rebel army here continue to be numerous.  They are coming in daily, almost hourly, from various directions, and all agree in their statements that the rebel force numbers about 100,000 and of a very general depression in spirits both among officers and men.  The news of our recent victories is sedulously kept from them.


Time’s Special.

The town was startled by a rumor to-day that all the members of Congress of the border slave States, and a number of conservative sympathizes from other States, were seriously contemplating the propriety of withdrawing in a body from the Senate and House thus precipitating a decision by the people of the whole country on the radical measures of emancipation and confiscation.

The finance committee of the Senate received a deputation of butchers from New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore to-day by those arguments they were prevailed upon to reduce the tax on slaughtered animals.


WASHINGTON, May 3.

The following was received at the Navy Department to-day:


FLAG SHIP WABASH,
PORT ROYAL, S. C., April 28.

I have just time, this A. M., before the departure of the Susquehanna, to inform the department of the arrival here of the rebel steamer Isabella, Ella Warley, in charge of Lieut. Wilson, and a prize crew, she having been captured by the St. Jago de Cuba, Commander Ridgeley, 10 miles north of Abaco.  She is deeply loaded with Enfield rifles, and has, it is supposed rifled cannon in her forehold, which has not yet been examined.  These arms were taken on board of course at one of the neutral colonies of our coast.  I am informed by Lieut. Gibson that the St. Jago de Cuba discovered and chased the Nashville, but the latter was much too swift for her.  The Nashville also had arms on board for the rebels, intending to run the blockade if possible,

Very respectfully,
Your ob’t serv’t.,

S. F. DUPONT,
Flag Officer Commanding, &c.


To Hon. Gideon Welles, Sec’y of the Navy:

On the 8th ult. The army forces under Gen. Reno, departed at Cabb’s Point, N. C., for the purpose of destroying the locks of the Dismal Lock Canal  Having retired without accomplishing the object, Commander Rowlan determined to destroy the canal with the naval forces under his command.

The following is the report of the successful accomplishment of the work:


U. S. STEAMER COM. PERRY,
OFF ELIZABETH CITY, N. C., April 26.

SIR: – In obedience to your orders I left this place on the 22d inst., in the Lockwood, with the Whitehead and Putnam in company, each with an officer and detachment of men on board.  The Lockwood towing the wrecking schooner Emma Slade, with the apparatus for blowing up the banks to block up the Albemarle and Chesapeake canal at the North river.  We were joined by the Shawsher, having in tow a schooner which had been sent the day before to Roanoke Island, to be filled with sand.  On the morning of the 23rd, fifty men were landed on each bank, while a launch with a heavy twelve-pounder, was sent up the canal, and with this force we moved up two miles examining the banks to find the best place for operations.  I concluded to place the obstructions near the mouth, that the men while at work might be under the cover of the guns of the steamers, and the enemy prevented from moving it.  The schooner was sunk just inside of the canal and with brush, stones, trees and earth the passage was obstructed.  We were occupied from noon till sun-set.  Earth was thrown in by hand as far as could be, but we had no wheel-barrows to carry it to the middle.

Prof.  Mailler, of the Sub-marine Engineering Co., and his assistants, were of the greatest assistance to me.  Indeed, I was merely governed by his advice, as he is more familiar with this sort of work than I am.  He is of the opinion that it will require two or three months’ labor with a dredging machine to remove all what we have placed in a day and a half.  He says it will be easier and cheaper to cut a new outlet than to remove the obstructions.  The rebels, I think have no thought of using the canal, as they have themselves been obstructing it above and below the bridge.


WASHINGTON, May 3.

Special to the Post.

Secretaries Chase and Seward went down to Fortress Monroe last night.

Measures are in contemplation for the better defense of our northern frontier.


WASHINGTON, May 2.

Herald’s Special.

About two months ago I stated that there was in contemplation by the Government an amnesty measure; that it was proposed to offer an amnesty as soon as our power extended over Richmond, and a few other specified places.  Now I learn direct, not indirect, that the subject matter of such amnesty measure is actually under consideration, and my soon be issued – the whole depending on the immediate success of defeat of our arms.  I was told some time ago that such amnesty would be extended to all except Davis and his cabinet, and the Confederate Major and Brigadier Generals, with a few prominent and prominent civilians.

Senator Sumner’s bill, of which he gave notice, repeals three sections of the act of 1808, regulating the coastwise slave trade and makes the transportation of slaves from one port of the United States to the other a special offence.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Monday Morning, May 5, 1862, p. 1

Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: Wednesday, July 15, 1863

There was a rumor of another battle beyond the Potomac, this morning, but it has not been confirmed.

From Charleston we have no news; but from Jackson there has been considerable fighting, without a general engagement.                                                               

The Enquirer and Sentinel to-day squint at a military dictatorship; but President Davis would hardly attempt such a feat at such a time.

Gen. Samuel Jones, Western Virginia, has delayed 2000 men ordered to Lee, assigning as an excuse the demonstrations of the enemy in the Kanawha Valley. “Off with his head — so much for Buckingham!”

There is some gloom in the community; but the spirits of the people will rebound.

A large crowd of Irish, Dutch, and Jews are daily seen at Gen. Winder's door, asking permission to go North on the flag of truce boat. They fear being forced into the army; they will be compelled to aid in the defense of the city, or be imprisoned. They intend to leave their families behind, to save the property they have accumulated under the protection of the government.

Files of papers from Europe show that Mr. Roebuck and other members of Parliament, as well as the papers, are again agitating he question of recognition. We shall soon ascertain the real intentions of France and England. If they truly desire our success, and apprehend danger from the United States in the event of a reconstruction of the Union, they will manifest their purposes when the news of our recent calamities shall be transported across the ocean. And if such a thing as reconstruction were possible, and were accomplished (in such a manner and on such terms as would not appear degrading to the Southern people), then, indeed, well might both France and England tremble. The United States would have millions of soldiers, and the Southern people would not owe either of them a debt of gratitude.

SOURCE: John Beauchamp Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital, Volume 1, p. 379