Friday, October 11, 2013

From Fort Monroe

NEW YORK, May 15.

A Fort Monroe letter of the 13th says the deserters, who are constantly coming in, agree in their statements that the evacuation of Richmond is rapidly progressing, and that the effort of the retreating rebels is merely to hold back Gen. McClellan, so as to obtain time to remove all their stores.  They also say that the destruction of the city by fire is threatened, and that it will require the utmost efforts on the part of the citizens to prevent its consummation.  That the evacuation is now progressing there is no manner of doubt, and the government archives are being conveyed south to return to their former allegiance.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Brigadier General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, November 7, 1861

CAMP PIERPONT, VA., November 7, 1861.

I ought to have written to you before, but I have been very busy, having been put on a court-martial as president, and it being the first time in my military service of thirty years that I ever had anything whatever to do with a court, I have to spend much time in booking myself up.

McCall showed me to-day a very severe letter from McClellan, commenting on the state of discipline of his division. I think the report of the officers who inspected us unfair and illiberal. Whilst I am aware our discipline is much below what it ought to be, yet I deny the assertion that we are worse than the rest of the army. McCall was very much mortified, and I am afraid McClellan has been prejudiced against him by the talking of others.

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 1, p. 226

XXXVIIth Congress -- First Session

WASHINGTON, May 15.

SENATE. – Mr. Wade presented petitions in favor of confiscation.

Mr. Grimes presented a petition for a ship canal from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river.

Mr. Wade from the committee on Territories, reported back the House bill to provide for the temporary government of Arizona.

Mr. Wilkinson, from the same committee, reported back a bill to amend the act for the government of Colorado.  The bill makes the Governor’s veto qualified instead of absolute.  The bill was passed.

Mr. Brown, from the same committee, reported back the House bill to secure freedom to the people of the territories, with an amendment which changes the language of the bill to that of the ordinance of 1787.

Report agreed to 24 against 13.

A message was received from the President, recording a vote of thanks to Col. [sic] Farragut and other officers in his expedition.

A resolution was offered calling on the Secretary of the Navy, for the number of iron-clad gunboats under contract, their armaments, and when they will be ready for service.  Laid on the table.

Mr. Harris offered a resolution asking the Secretary of State what were the rights and obligations of the United States and Great Britain, in regard to the maintenance of armament on the Northern lakes.  Laid over.

A message was received from the House announcing the death of G. F. Bailey, of Mass. Mr. Sumner paid a brief tribute to his worth.  The customary resolutions were passed.

Adjourned.


On motion of Mr. Felton the House proceeded to the consideration of the bill introduced by him for the adjudication of claims for loss or destruction of property belonging to loyal citizens and the damaged done thereto by the troops of the United States, during the present rebellion.  The bill provides for the appointment, by the President, of three commissioners, together with a clerk and marshal.  The commissioners are prohibited from taking cognizance of claims for slaves, while the bill is guaranteed to prevent disloyal citizens from being benefited by the act.  The claims ascertained are to be reported to Congress, so that provision may be made for their relief.

Mr. Fenton said this bill had been maturely considered by the committee on claims, and was based on the principles of equity and justice.  While sincerely desirous of indemnifying Union men for the loss they had sustained, he was anxious that Congress should pass a confiscation bill, denouncing special pains and penalties against the leaders of the rebellion, who, having plundered loyal men and sequestered their estates [should] not escape punishment.  Their property and substance should be used to pay the expenses incidental to the suppression of this most wicked and causeless rebellion.

Mr. Webster moved an amendment, making it the duty of the commissioners to take cognizance of the losses of slaves, which the bill as reported prohibits.

Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, moved the postponement of the bill till Monday week. – The bill should be maturely considered, as it involves the expenditure of one hundred thousand dollars, and if passed, might [supersede] the court of claims.

Mr. Fenton explained that all adjudicated claims have to be reported to Congress, which is to control the appropriation.

Mr. Morrill’s motion was adopted.

House passed the senate bill authorizing the appointment of medical storekeepers for the army and hospital chaplains.

Among the measures passed are the following: The Senate bill setting apart ten per cent. of the taxes paid by the colored persons, to be appropriated for the education of colored children of the District; the Senate bill requiring the oath of allegiance to be administered to persons offering to vote, whose loyalty shall be challenged, and the House bill requiring the oath of allegiance to be taken by attorneys and solicitors in courts within the District of Columbia.

Mr. Potter, from the conference committee on the homestead bill, made a report, which was adopted.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Friday, December 19, 1862

The boys worked all day setting up their tents. The boys of our company cut down a red oak tree from which we made staves, set them in trenches dug in the ground, and had just finished putting up the tents, when at 5 p. m. the long roll sounded to form in line. We were ordered to march to the station to board the cars for Holly Springs, as the rebels had taken the place and burned our rations. But we did not go, as another regiment nearer the station got there ahead of us and we were marched back to our camp, with orders, though, to be ready to start for Holly Springs in the morning. We had expected to stay here several days and are sorry to have to leave the place, for it would have made us an excellent camp ground, being on a south hillside with timber just thick enough for shelter.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 88

Thursday, October 10, 2013

From New Mexico

KANSAS CITY, May 15.

The Santa Fe mail arrived with advices from Ft. Craig to the 23d.  Gen. Canby was at that place with his command.  It was presumed he would move to Messilla in a short time.

The Texans in their retreat down the river abandoned 35 of their wagons, and buried some of their guns.  They then divided into small parties, and fled to the mountains, abandoning their sick, and all who could not travel at the requisite speed.  It is thought the enemy will not make another stand in the territory, but will endeavor to get home.

A hundred teams, with provisions that had been collected at Santa Fe, were sent to Fort Union on the 23d.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

From McClellan’s Army

CUMBERLAND, VA., May 4.

Gen. McClellan’s head-quarters were established here yesterday, and are now pleasantly located on the banks of the Pamunkey river.  The main body of the army is rapidly concentrating at the point designated by the Commanding General.

A contraband who arrived from Richmond, states that between that city and Chickahominy river, a distance of 17 miles, the enemy are encamped in large force, awaiting the arrival of the army of the Potomac.

As the rebels fall back they drive before them most of the cattle, sheep and hogs, leaving only such things as they cannot move.

Explosions were heard yesterday in the direction of the Chickahominy, which are supposed to have been caused by the blowing up of the railroad bridge.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

From Cairo

CAIRO, May 15.

There was an arrival from below this forenoon, reporting an attempt on the part of the rebel fleet to dislodge the mortars at Craighead Point.  They were driven back without difficulty and without damage to the federal boats.

No news whatever from Pittsburg.

A private and confidential circular issued by President Davis to the Governors of the States comprising the confederacy, has been received, in which he acknowledges that affairs below look decidedly blue, and asks for donations of money and materials.  He says that casualties, sickness and expiration of the terms of enlistments of the solders is making sad havoc with their cause, and desires for a larger display of patriotism on the part of citizens of the south.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Major Thomas J. Jackson to Mary Anna Morrison Jackson, November 28, 1859

CHARLESTOWN, Nov. 28th, 1859.

I reached here last night in good health and spirits. Seven of us slept in the same room. I am much more pleased than I expected to be; the people appear to be very kind. There are about one thousand troops here, and everything is quiet so far. We don't expect any trouble. The excitement is confined to more distant points. Do not give yourself any concern about me. I am comfortable, for a temporary military post.

SOURCE: Mary Anna Jackson, Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson), p. 129-30

Major General William T. Sherman to Ellen Ewing Sherman, September 12, 1862

MEMPHIS, September 12, 1862.

. . . My predictions of last fall are not much wide of the truth now. The southern leaders don't wait till the time comes, they prepare beforehand. The whole of last year has been consumed by them in preparation, and now they have a larger army and as well armed as we have. I still don't see the issue of events, but surely we must do more than brag or else the South will carry the war into Africa. I see the people have made a clear sacrifice of Pope and McDowell, and are now content with having killed two of their own generals. This is a glorious war! With thousands of armed enemies now in the loyal states of Kentucky and Maryland the people are content to kill Pope and McDowell. Well, it may be all right, but I would advise a different course. Instead of thinking of us away to the front, they think of themselves. . . .

SOURCES: M. A. DeWolfe Howe, Editor, Home Letters of General Sherman, p. 233.  A full copy of this letter can be found in the William T Sherman Family papers (SHR), University of Notre Dame Archives (UNDA), Notre Dame, IN 46556, Folder CSHR 1/148.

Major General Robert E. Lee to Mary Custis Lee, July 12, 1861

Richmond, July 12, 1861.

You know that Rob has been captain of Company A, of the University. He has written for a sword and sash, which I have not yet been able to get for him. I shall send him a sword of mine, but cannot procure him a sash. I am very anxious to get into the field, but am detained by matters beyond my control. I have never heard of the assignment to which you allude — of commander-in-chief of the Southern Army — nor have I any expectation or wish for it. President Davis holds that position. I have been laboring to prepare and get into the field the Virginia troops to strengthen those from other States, and the threatened commands of Johnston, Beauregard, Huger, Garnett, etc. Where I shall go, I do not know, as that will depend upon President Davis.

SOURCE: John William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert Edward Lee: Soldier and Man, p. 143-4

Brigadier General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, October 24, 1861

CAMP PIERPONT, VA., October 24, 1861.

After waiting all day in momentary expectation of orders to advance, we were informed this evening that the movement was postponed. I am of course in ignorance of what was in contemplation, but presume our movement had reference to what has taken place on the river above us. You are doubtless apprised of the disastrous affair that has occurred there with part of Stone’s and Banks’s commands. As far as I can gather, an unauthorized scouting party reported a small body of the enemy, when an attempt was made to capture them, which resulted in our people, eighteen hundred strong, being driven back into the river, where many lives were sacrificed and prisoners taken. The whole affair was a bungle from the beginning. First, in the officer's sending out a scouting party without authority; second, in not reinforcing him when it was found the enemy were in force. The worst part of the business is that at the very time our people were contending against such odds, the advance of McCall's Division was only ten miles off, and had we been ordered forward, instead of back, we could have captured the whole of them. Of course, we were in ignorance of what was going on, and I presume McClellan was not fully advised of what was taking place, or he would have undoubtedly sent us on. I suppose they concealed from him the true state of the case, and made such reports that induced him to believe all was going well. Such contre-temps are very demoralizing, and particularly unfortunate at this juncture, when we are meeting with so many reverses on a small scale.

I should like to know what John Markoe says of the affair at Edwards’1 and Conrad’s Ferry.1 I was glad to see his name was not among the casualties. Baker2 was colonel of the regiment he was attached to. Wistar,3 the lieutenant colonel, is said to be mortally wounded. It is reported that out of the eighteen hundred who crossed the river, only three hundred got back, the balance being either killed, drowned, or prisoners. The weather has been very disagreeable, first raining hard day and night, and now very cold, with high northwest winds. The men in consequence suffer a great deal, particularly on the march, when we go without tents or shelter of any kind.
__________

1 Engagement at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861.
2 Edward D. Baker, colonel 71st Regt. Pa. Vols.
3 Isaac J. Wistar, lieutenant-colonel 71st Regt. Pa. Vols.


SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 1, p. 225-6

Diary of Alexander G. Downing: Thursday, December 18, 1862

We started at 6 o’clock this morning and arrived in Oxford at about 10. We were inspected by General Grant, passing through the town by platoon. We marched on eight miles out from town and went into camp along the railroad. Grant has his headquarters in Oxford. It is a fine town, on high ground and well built up with fine homes of the rich planters. A college is located here, with good buildings.1 The surrounding plantations are well fenced and have good buildings.
__________

1 Our diarist must have seen either the University of Mississippi, opened in 1848, or Union Female College, a Cumberland Presbyterian college, founded in 1854. — Ed.

Source: Alexander G. Downing, Edited by Olynthus B., Clark, Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 87-8

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Brigadier General Irvin McDowell to Mary Custis Lee, May 30, 1861

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT NORTHEASTERN V1RG1N1A,
ARL1NGTON, May 30, 1861.

MRS. R. E. LEE.

MADAM: Having been ordered by the Government to relieve Major-General Sanford in command of this Department, I had the honor to receive this morning your letter of today addressed to him at this place. With respect to the occupation of Arlington by the United States troops, I beg to say it has been done by my predecessor with every regard for the preservation of the place. I am here temporarily in camp on the grounds, preferring this to sleeping in the house, under the circumstances which the painful state of the country places me with respect to these properties. I assure you it will be my earnest endeavor to have all things so ordered that on your return you will find things as little disturbed as possible. In this I have the hearty concurrence of the courteous, kindhearted gentleman in the immediate command of the troops quartered here, and who lives in the lower part of the house to insure its being respected. Everything has been done as you desire with respect to your servants, and your wishes, so far as they have been known or could have been understood, have been complied with. When you desire to return every facility will be given you for doing so. I trust, madam, you will not consider it an intrusion when I say I have the most sincere sympathy for your distress, and, so far as compatible with my duty, I shall always be ready to do whatever may alleviate it. I have the honor to be, very respectfully,

Your most obedient servant,
I. McDOWELL.

P. S. — I am informed it was the order of the general-in-chief if the troops on coming here should have found the family in the house, that no one should enter it, but that a guard should be placed for its protection.

SOURCES: John William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert Edward Lee: Soldier and Man, p. 143; Fitzhugh Lee, General Lee, p. 106-7

Arrival of the Niagara – Foreign News

HALIFAX, May 14.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Graphic details are published of the opening ceremonies at the great exhibition.  The number present was 33,000, all being season ticket holders.  The Times pronounces the ceremonies emphatically the grandest and best managed affair seen in England for Years.  The musical arrangements were carried out according to programme, and were very grand.

The Morning Post in an editorial deplores the sad spectacle presented by the American attendance at the exhibition.  The second day the admission was one guinea, and the number sold over 32,000.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Satisfactorily Adjusted

NEW YORK, May 15.

Farmers generally throughout the county will be glad to learn that the manufactories of the Buckeye, Ohio and Union mowing machines have adjusted to all conflicting claims as to patent rights, and agriculturists can purchase now without fearing a law suit.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Brigadier General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, October 24, 1861

CAMP PIERPONT, [VA.], October 24, 1861 — 5 A. M.

I have only time to write you a few lines, to say that late last night orders came to start early this morning. The direction of our march is not known, but I suppose it to be in co-operation with Banks and Stone, on the river above us.1  Indeed, the general impression among outsiders is that we ought not to have been withdrawn from Dranesville, as at that place we were within ten miles of the force that attacked Stone. For myself, I ask no questions and don't speculate. I know how impossible it is for outsiders to understand everything. Therefore all I can now say is, that we march.
__________

1 Engagement at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861. Federal loss, killed, wounded, and missing, 921 (O. R.).

SOURCE: George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 1, p. 225

From Port Royal

NEW YORK, May 15.

The U. S. gunboat Catawaba arrived here this morning, eighty hours from Port Royal.  She has 5982 bags of unginned cotton on board.  News unimportant.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Bishop William Meade to Major General Robert E. Lee, May 6, 1861

MADISON COURT HOUSE, May 6, 1861.

MY DEAR SIR:

In the midst of our troubles and dangers and my own deep grief, it is a great relief to me that in the Providence of God so important a station has been assigned to you, as I believe that by natural and acquired endowments and by the grace of God you are better qualified for the same than any other of our citizens of Virginia. May those talents be guided by God himself in the execution of the high and most trying duties which devolve upon you. My heart dictates these words, and I cannot repress the desire to utter them. I expect to be in Richmond during the next week and then hope to see you.

Most sincerely your friend,
WILLIAM MEADE
Bishop of the P. E. C. of Va.

P. S. — Richmond, Tuesday evening.

I unexpectedly find myself here this evening and shall remain until Thursday morning. If you will mention any time in which you will be disengaged or less engaged in your numerous arduous duties and cares, I will call and see you for a few moments.

Very truly,
W. MEADE.

SOURCE: John William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert Edward Lee: Soldier and Man, p. 142

From Baltimore

BALTIMORE, May 15.

The city is filled this morning with rumors of the taking of Richmond.

– Published in The Davenport Daily Gazette, Davenport, Iowa, Friday Morning, May 16, 1862, p. 1

Major General William T. Sherman to Ellen Ewing Sherman, August 20, 1862

MEMPHIS, August 20, 1862.

. . . I see the Cincinnati papers are finding fault with me again. Well, thank God, I don't owe Cincinnati anything, or she me. If they want to believe reporters they may. Eliza Gillespie can tell you whether I take an interest in the sick or no. I never said I did not want cowards from the hospital. I said the Sanitary Committee had carried off thousands who were not sick, except of the war, and for my part I did not want such to return. Men who ran off at Shiloh and escaped in boats to Ohio and remain absent as deserters will be of no use to us here. This is true and those deserters should know it; but the real sick receive from me all possible care. I keep my sick with their regiments, with their comrades, and don't send them to strange hospitals. Our surgeon has a very bad way of getting rid of sick instead of taking care of them in their regiments, and once in the general hospitals they rarely return. This cause nearly defeated us at Shiloh, when 57,000 men were absent from their regiment without leave. McClellan has 70,000 absent from his army. This abuse has led to many catastrophes, and you can't pick up a paper without some order of the President and Secretary of War on the subject.

If the doctors want to do charity let them come here, where the sick are, and not ask us to send the sick to them. As to opening the liquor saloons here, it was done by the city authorities to prevent the sale of whiskey by the smugglers. We have as little drunkenness and as good order here as in any part of the volunteer army.

Cincinnati furnishes more contraband goods than Charleston, and has done more to prolong the war than the State of South Carolina. Not a merchant there but would sell salt, bacon, powder and lead, if they can make money by it. I have partially stopped this and hear their complaints. I hope Bragg will bring war home to them. The cause of war is not alone in the nigger, but in the mercenary spirit of our countrymen.

SOURCES: M. A. DeWolfe Howe, Editor, Home Letters of General Sherman, p. 231-2.  A full copy of this letter can be found in the William T Sherman Family papers (SHR), University of Notre Dame Archives (UNDA), Notre Dame, IN 46556, Folder CSHR 1/147.